MXene chemistry, electrochemistry and energy storage applications

One of the most exciting new developments in energy storage technology is Zn‐ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSCs). ZHSCs combine Zn‐ion batteries with supercapacitors (SCs) to address the energy and power needs of portable devices and electric automobiles. Low energy density and the development of cathode material are significant issues for ZHSCs. This review provides an in‐depth investigation of charge storage mechanisms from SCs to ZHSCs. The advantages/disadvantages of ZHSCs, the recent development of cathode materials, and the new design for device fabrications are critically summarized. New cathode materials should be developed to achieve high energy density while preserving the inherent power capability and stability. People increasingly engage with smart electronic and hybrid gadgets, demanding flexible, resilient, and highly safe energy storage devices. ZHSC has emerged as a complete alternative to risky sodium‐ion/lithium‐ion technologies. An overview of all reported carbon‐based, biomass‐derived carbons, metal oxides, MOFs, COFs, MXenes, graphene, and composite materials employed for ZHSCs is comprehensively provided. Furthermore, cathode materials for flexible, micro, wire‐shaped, printed, and photo‐rechargeable ZHSCs are also examined with their practical challenges. This review is anticipated to offer valuable recommendations for designing and manipulating cathode materials for high‐performance ZHSCs to achieve real‐world applications.

Fundamentals and Scientific Challenges in Structural Design of Cathode Materials for Zinc‐Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors

Electrochemically modulated interaction of MXenes with microwaves

MXenes, a class of two-dimensional materials, have garnered significant attention due to their unique properties and versatile applications in various fields. This review provides a comprehensive overview of MXene synthesis methods, highlighting their distinctive layered structure and tunable properties through surface functionalization. The focus then shifts to their remarkable role in supercapacitor technology. MXenes exhibit high electrical conductivity, large surface areas, and tailored surface chemistry, making them promising candidates for energy storage in supercapacitors. The paper discusses the interplay of electric double-layer capacitance and pseudocapacitance mechanisms within MXene-based electrodes, detailing recent research efforts aimed at optimizing their energy storage performance. Through a combination of theoretical insights and experimental findings, the potential of MXenes to revolutionize supercapacitor technology emerges, offering prospects for high-energy-density and long-lasting energy storage solutions. Additionally, this review highlights recent advances in MXene-based supercapacitors, including novel electrode designs, electrolyte engineering, and hybrid materials, showcasing the dynamic evolution of MXene-based supercapacitor research. This comprehensive overview aims to provide a thorough understanding of MXenes' synthesis, properties, and their pivotal role in advancing supercapacitor technology, while also encompassing the latest breakthroughs in this rapidly evolving field. 

MXenes: Acomprehensive review of synthesis, properties, and progress in supercapacitor applications

MXene pseudocapacitive electrode material for capacitive deionization

Identifying and understanding charge storage mechanisms is important for advancing energy storage, especially when new materials and electrolytes are explored. Well-separated peaks in cyclic voltammograms (CVs) are considered key indicators of diffusion-controlled electrochemical processes with distinct Faradic charge transfer. Herein, we report on an electrochemical system with separated CV peaks, accompanied by surface-controlled partial charge transfer, in 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene in water-in-salt electrolytes. The process involves the insertion/desertion of desolvation-free cations, leading to an abrupt change of the interlayer spacing between MXene sheets. This unusual behavior increases charge storage at positive potentials, thereby increasing the amount of energy stored. This also demonstrates new opportunities for the development of high-rate aqueous energy storage devices and electrochemical actuators using safe and inexpensive aqueous electrolytes.

/pdf/titanium-carbide-mxene-shows-an-electrochemical-anomaly-in-5czs0k5khx.pdf

Titanium carbide MXene shows an electrochemical anomaly in water-in-salt electrolytes

Influences of Cations’ Solvation on Charge Storage Performance in Polyimide Anodes for Aqueous Multivalent Ion Batteries

Horizons for Modern Electrochemistry Related to Energy Storage and Conversion, a Review

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Titanium carbide MXene shows an electrochemical anomaly in water-in-salt electrolytes

Influences of Cations’ Solvation on Charge Storage Performance in Polyimide Anodes for Aqueous Multivalent Ion Batteries

Horizons for Modern Electrochemistry Related to Energy Storage and Conversion, a Review