As a graphene-like two dimensional nanomaterial, MoS2 had been considered as promising nanofillers for fabrication of polymer-based materials with high performances. However, its dispersion and functionalization represented a critical challenge. In present work, polyaniline (PANI) coating was successfully grown on the surface of exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets by in situ polymerization method in order to improve the dispersion quality and interfacial interactions between MoS2 and polymer matrix. The obtained PANI-MoS2 hybrids were characterized through XRD, Raman spectrum, FTIR, TGA, XPS, TEM and further introduced into epoxy matrix. It was clearly observed that the addition of a PANI coating not only improved the dispersion of MoS2 in the matrix and the interfacial bonding between MoS2 and epoxy, but also obviously reduced the fire hazards of epoxy. By adding 2 wt% PANI-MoS2, the peak heat release rate and total heat release values of epoxy composites were remarkably reduced by 49% and 22%, respectively, in comparison with those of neat epoxy. In addition, the amount of smoke produced and toxic CO released was inhibited obviously. The well dispersion, labyrinth barrier effect, catalytic charring effect of PANI-MoS2 hybrids and combination effect between PANI and MoS2 were believed to the primary source for the remarkable improvement of fire safety.

Polyaniline: A novel bridge to reduce the fire hazards of epoxy composites

Functionalized MWCNTs modified flame retardant PLA nanocomposites and cold rolling process for improving mechanical properties

Two dimensional MoS2 acting as reinforcing fillers had attracted intense interests in recent years. However, the homogeneous dispersion of MoS2 nanosheets in polymer matrix and exact interface control were still difficult to achieve due to potent van der Waals forces and surface inactiveness. In this work, hierarchical polystyrene@MoS2 core-shell structures were constructed by combining latex technology and self-assembly of oppositely charged MoS2 nanosheets onto the surface of polystyrene spheres. The formed core-shell structures were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and further employed as reinforcing fillers in a host polystyrene matrix by solvent blending method. It was clearly observed that the construction of polystyrene@MoS2 core-shell structures not only improved the dispersion of MoS2 in the matrix and the interfacial adhesion between MoS2 and polystyrene, but also obviously improved the thermal stability and fire safety of polystyrene. The method proposed here had proved to be an efficient and facile approach to fabricate polymer/MoS2 nanocomposites with good dispersion and markedly improved properties.

Constructing hierarchical polymer@MoS2 core-shell structures for regulating thermal and fire safety properties of polystyrene nanocomposites

The role of multi-wall carbon nanotubes in char strength of epoxy based intumescent fire retardant coating

A new halogen‐free flame retardant was developed by integrating β‐cyclodextrin, triazin ring, and nanohydroxyapatite (BSDH) into a hybrid system. A β‐cyclodextrin was grafted to a commercially available SABO®STAB UV94 via an aromatic deanhydrate. The BSDH was prepared in situ in the presence of β‐cyclodextrin‐grafted nitrogen‐rich precursor. The resulting hybrid was applied as a flame retardant for poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and compared for performance with ammonium polyphosphate (APP). PLA composites containing BSDH and APP, individually or simultaneously, were examined for thermal degradation and flammability by TGA, cone calorimeter, and pyrolysis‐combustion flow calorimetry. TGA results confirmed enhancement of thermal stability of PLA with assistance of BSDH compared to APP. The gases evolved during thermal degradation were assessed by a thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier infrared spectroscopy device. APP revealed catalytic effect to initiate PLA degradation, while BSDH continued to release some gases at elevated temperatures. The flame retardancy of PLA/APP/BSDH blend containing only 10 wt.% of additives was significantly improved. In cone calorimetric tests, a significant fall in peak of heat release rate was observed for this sample, 49% more than that of neat PLA, which was indicative of more gas and condensed phase reflected in more char residue. The corresponding PLA/APP sample, however, showed 17% improvement, as compared to neat PLA. Also, total heat release rate of PLA/APP/BSDH was 45 MJ.m−2, whereas those of PLA and PLA/APP were 89 and 65 MJ.m−2, respectively. BSDH and APP showed a synergistic effect on improving the flame retardancy of PLA composites.

Three in one: β-cyclodextrin, nanohydroxyapatite, and a nitrogen-rich polymer integrated into a new flame retardant for poly (lactic acid)

In this study, we give an insight into the char formation mechanism for the addition of CNTs and MoS2 into halogen-free flame retarding thermoplastic poly(ether ester) elastomers (TPEE). We used real-time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to analyze the change in the characteristic peaks of the formulations during the themoxidative process. Thermoxidative stability of the samples has been investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) under air atmosphere at a heating rate of 10 °C min−1. The catalyzation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) during the thermo-oxidative process has been demonstrated. The pyrolysis products for different formulations have been studied by pyrolysis/gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (pyrolysis/GC/MS). Variations in the composition of volatile decomposition products (Mn < 100 g mol−1) have been discussed. The morphology and the graphite degree of the residues remaining at high the temperature have been studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. We found that the Mo element can effectively catalyze the char forming process through a cycloaddition interaction of volatile decomposition products. TPEE/P–N/CNTs/MoS2 exhibited the best stable-char structure for the combination of the bone structure of CNTs and the cycloaddition reaction of the pyrolysis gas products with low molecular weight.

Themoxidative stability and char formation mechanism for the introduction of CNTs and MoS2 into halogen-free flame retarding TPEE

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Themoxidative stability and char formation mechanism for the introduction of CNTs and MoS2 into halogen-free flame retarding TPEE