We present a rendering method designed to provide accurate, general simulation of global illumination for realistic image synthesis. Separating surface interaction into diffuse plus specular, we compute the specular component on the fly, as in ray tracing, and store the diffuse component (the radiosity) for later-reuse, similar to a radiosity algorithm. Radiosities are stored in adaptive radiosity textures (rexes)1 that record the pattern of light and shadow on every diffuse surface in the scene. They adaptively subdivide themselves to the appropriate level of detail for the picture being made, resolving sharp shadow edges automatically.We use a three-pass, bidirectional ray tracing algorithm that traces rays from both the lights and the eye. The "size pass" records visibility information on diffuse surfaces; the "light pass" progressively traces rays from lights and bright surfaces to deposit photons on diffuse surfaces to construct the radiosity textures; and the "eye pass" traces rays from the eye, collecting light from diffuse surfaces to make a picture.

/pdf/adaptive-radiosity-textures-for-bidirectional-ray-tracing-3ps5lrsubb.pdf

Adaptive radiosity textures for bidirectional ray tracing

A general light transfer simulation algorithm for environments composed of materials with arbitrary reflectance functions is presented. This algorithm removes the previous practical restriction to ideal specular and/or ideal diffuse environments, and supports complex physically based reflectance distributions, This is accomplished by extending previous two-pass ray-casting radiosity approaches to handle non-uniform intensity distributions, and resolving all possible energy transfers between sample points. An implementation is described based on a spherical harmonic decomposition for encoding both bidirectional reflectance distribution functions for materials, and directional intensity distributions for illuminated surfaces. The method compares favorably with experimental measurements.

/pdf/a-global-illumination-solution-for-general-reflectance-5gmumj8hau.pdf

A global illumination solution for general reflectance distributions

Visualizing complicated lighting sequences while designing large theatrical productions proves difficult. The author provides some techniques that achieve fast interaction regardless of scene and lighting complexity, even when used with costly rendering algorithms. >

/pdf/interactive-design-of-complex-time-dependent-lighting-v1kvbzc28h.pdf

Interactive design of complex time dependent lighting

Traditional radiosity methods can compute the illumination for a scene independent of the view position. However, if any part of the scene geometry is changed, the radiosity process will need to be repeated from scratch. Since the radiosity methods are generally expensive computationally, the traditional methods do not lend themselves to interactive uses where the geometry is constantly changing. This paper presents a new radiosity algorithm to incrementally render scenes with changing geometry and surface attributes. In other words, the question to be asked is "What is the minimum recomputation I need to do if I turn off a light source, change the color of a surface, add or move an object?" Because a modeling change generally exhibits some coherence and affects only parts of an image, the proposed method may drastically reduce the rendering time and therefore allow interactive manipulation. In addition, since the method is conducted incrementally and view-independently, the rendering process can start before the modeling process is completed. The traditional paradigm of modeling-then-rendering is changed to rendering-while-modeling. This approach not only gives the user better visual feedback but also effectively utilizes CPU time otherwise wasted in the modeling process.

Incremental radiosity: an extension of progressive radiosity to an interactive image synthesis system

The paper presents a single-pass, view-dependent method to solve the general rendering equation, using a combined finite element and random walk approach. Applying finite element techniques, the surfaces are decomposed into planar patches that are assumed to have position independent, but not direction independent radiance. The direction dependent radiance function is then computed by random walk using bundles of parallel rays. In a single step of the walk, the radiance transfer is evaluated exploiting the hardware z-buffer of workstations, making the calculation fast. The proposed method is particularly efficient for scenes including not very specular materials illuminated by large area light-sources or sky-light. In order to increase the speed for difficult lighting situations, walks can be selected according to their importance. The importance can be explored adaptively by the Metropolis sampling method.

Global Ray-bundle Tracing with Hardware Acceleration

We present a technique for modeling global illumination which allows a wide variety of reflectance functions. Scene coherence is exploited in a preprocessing step in which the geometry is analyzed ...

Illumination networks: fast realistic rendering with general reflectance functions

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Illumination networks: fast realistic rendering with general reflectance functions