EA-MAC protocol is proposed on the basis of SMAC protocol to remedy the shortcomings of SMAC. In the EA-MAC, node correlation analysis algorithm and traffic adaptive duty cycle mechanism are added. Meanwhile, the residual energy is introduced into the existing traffic adaptive back-off mechanism to measure the saving efficiency. In the node correlation algorithm, all network nodes are divided into several areas by computing node correlation according to the collected information. The clustering mechanism is applied for choosing representative node in each area for transmitting data. This method can effectively reduce redundant nodes transmitting duplicate data. In traffic adaptive duty cycle mechanism, the duty cycle is regulated dynamically to decrease idle listening by comparing the threshold set with the flow value obtained from the predict flow model. In back-off mechanisms, by adjusting the value of contention window and back-off time, data collisions can be effectively avoided when network traffic is heavy. In addition, nodes with more remaining energy have priority to access the channel and have shorter back-off time, which can keep the balance of the whole network energy consumption and lengthen network lifetime. Simulation results show that the EA-MAC protocol has better energy saving, throughput, shorter delay performance, and low packet loss rate than that of SMAC protocol in dynamic traffic sensor networks.

/pdf/an-adaptive-traffic-mac-protocol-based-on-correlation-of-q5g8okucmr.pdf

An adaptive traffic MAC protocol based on correlation of nodes

In Sensor-MAC (S-MAC) protocol, a node located between two or more virtual clusters is called boarder node that adopts different listen and sleep schedules. These border nodes consume a large amount of energy as they switch to the listening mode often due to diversified scheduling which in turns decreases the lifetime of the wireless sensor network. This paper proposed a new unified scheduling method to solve the diversified scheduling problem of border nodes in S-MAC and evaluated the performance through simulation. It has been observed from the simulated results that the border nodes have consumed less power in case of large network as well as small networks.

/pdf/energy-efficient-scheduling-algorithm-for-s-mac-protocol-in-4gdq06sa3o.pdf

Energy efficient scheduling algorithm for s-mac protocol in wireless sensor network

Wireless sensor networks are mainly designed for environment monitoring. The lifetime of wireless sensor networks depends on the durability of the battery resource sensors, so it is crucial for sensors to efficiently use their limited battery resources. The energy expends by sensors in data communication makes up a significant quantum of their total amount of energy consumption. In the existing research, most of the power-saving medium access control protocols reduce energy consumption by putting periodically sensors to sleep mode. Such a regular active/sleep schedule fails to adjust individual sensor sleep duration according to per-sensor communication traffic-load, which causes unnecessary idle-listening problem and low power-efficiency. In this paper, we present a new power-saving medium access control protocol for saving power in a wireless sensor networks. This proposed protocol dynamically adjusts the active/sleep time duration of each sensor according to per-sensor communication traffic-load. Meanwhile, it can lead to much greater power-efficiency by prolonging the sensors sleeping duration, when in a sensor network at per-sensor communication traffic-load is low. The basic idea of this proposed protocol is an analytical model for estimating the accurate per-sensor communication traffic-load in a wireless sensor network and a grid-based quorum concept for regular active/sleep schedule.

A traffic-load adaptive power-conserving MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks

Performance Comparison of Two Different Energy Conservation Mac Protocols

This paper offers an overview of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and how they might be used in surveillance systems. With the help of WSNs, sensors may connect to one another and establish networks, enabling intelligent interactions with the physical world. In particular, the article addresses the need to solve energy efficiency issues while taking quality of service (QoS) and latency requirements into consideration. The research also emphasizes the need of energy-aware protocols in WSNs, especially for surveillance applications. The authors provide an overview of MAC protocols used in surveillance applications, looking at their presumptions, energy waste factors, and various protocols' efficacy. They go over many forms of communication, such as broadcast, converging cast, local gossip, and multicast, and they evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of MAC protocols, such as S-MAC, T-MAC, TRAMA, SIFT, and DSMAC. Collision avoidance, fair channel access, energy efficiency, support for quality of service, scalability, and adaptation to network dynamics are just a few of the characteristics of a well-defined MAC protocol that are covered. The paper also examines the uses of MAC protocols in WSNs, including asset tracking, home automation, environmental sensing, smart cities, precision agriculture, traffic monitoring, healthcare monitoring, intrusion detection systems, and environmental monitoring. An overview of the benefits and drawbacks of MAC protocols is presented in a comparison table at the end. According to the paper’s conclusion, there is no standardized MAC protocol for sensor networks because the option depends on the particular application and its specifications. Researchers working on energy-aware procedures in WSNs, particularly in surveillance, are intended to benefit from the findings of this paper.

A Comparative Analysis and Design Criteria of MAC, SMAC, and TMAC Protocols in Wireless Sensor Network

In this paper, we proposed TASL-MAC, a medium-access control (MAC) protocol for wireless sensor networks. In wireless sensor networks, sensor nodes are usually deployed in a special environment, are assigned with long-term work, and are supported by a limited battery. As such, reducing the energy consumption becomes the primary concern with regard to wireless sensor networks. At the same time, reducing the latency in multi-hop data transmission is also very important. In the existing research, sensor nodes are expected to be switched to the sleep mode in order to reduce energy consumption. However, the existing proposals tended to assign the sensors with a fixed Sleep/Listening schedule, which causes unnecessary idle listening problems and conspicuous transmission latency due to the diversity of the traffic-load in the network. TASL-MAC is designed to dynamically adjust the duty listening time based on traffic load. This protocol enables the node with a proper data transfer rate to satisfy the application`s requirements. Meanwhile, it can lead to much greater power efficiency by prolonging the nodes` sleeping time when the traffic. We evaluate our implementation of TASL-MAC in NS-2. The evaluation result indicates that our proposal could explicitly reduce packet delivery latency, and that it could also significantly prolong the lifetime of the entire network when traffic is low.

/pdf/tasl-a-traffic-adapted-sleep-listening-mac-protocol-for-2kgsxpzoip.pdf

TASL: A Traffic-Adapted Sleep/Listening MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network

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TASL: A Traffic-Adapted Sleep/Listening MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network