Depression is a very prevalent mental disorder affecting 340 million people globally and is projected to become the leading cause of disability and the second leading contributor to the global burden of disease by the year 2020. In this paper, we review the evidence published to date in order to determine whether exercise and physical activity can be used as therapeutic means for acute and chronic depression. Topics covered include the definition, classification criteria and treatment of depression, the link between β-endorphin and exercise, the efficacy of exercise and physical activity as treatments for depression, properties of exercise stimuli used in intervention programs, as well as the efficacy of exercise and physical activity for treating depression in diseased individuals. The presented evidence suggests that exercise and physical activity have beneficial effects on depression symptoms that are comparable to those of antidepressant treatments.

Effects of exercise and physical activity on depression

The EQ-5D has been extensively used to assess patient utility in trials of new treatments within the cardiovascular field. The aims of this study were to review evidence of the validity and reliability of the EQ-5D, and to summarise utility scores based on the use of the EQ-5D in clinical trials and in studies of patients with cardiovascular disease. A structured literature search was conducted using keywords related to cardiovascular disease and EQ-5D. Original research studies of patients with cardiovascular disease that reported EQ-5D results and its measurement properties were included. Of 147 identified papers, 66 met the selection criteria, with 10 studies reporting evidence on validity or reliability and 60 reporting EQ-5D responses (VAS or self-classification). Mean EQ-5D index-based scores ranged from 0.24 (SD 0.39) to 0.90 (SD 0.16), while VAS scores ranged from 37 (SD 21) to 89 (no SD reported). Stratification of EQ-5D index scores by disease severity revealed that scores decreased from a mean of 0.78 (SD 0.18) to 0.51 (SD 0.21) for mild to severe disease in heart failure patients and from 0.80 (SD 0.05) to 0.45 (SD 0.22) for mild to severe disease in angina patients. The published evidence generally supports the validity and reliability of the EQ-5D as an outcome measure within the cardiovascular area. This review provides utility estimates across a range of cardiovascular subgroups and treatments that may be useful for future modelling of utilities and QALYs in economic evaluations within the cardiovascular area.

/pdf/a-review-of-health-utilities-using-the-eq-5d-in-studies-of-las980hpqj.pdf

A review of health utilities using the EQ-5D in studies of cardiovascular disease.

Although the coronary artery aneurysms are not uncommon, giant aneurysms are rare. Clinical presentation, prognosis and management of giant coronary artery aneurysms are not well defined due to limited experience. Most of the aneurysms are secondary to atherosclerosis however, various other causes have been described. Recently, there are increasing reports describing occurrence of such aneurysms as a complication of drug eluting stent implantation and angioplasty. Therefore, there is a need to report similar cases and review the available literature to remind, update and discuss this anomaly for better understanding and management especially in view of the expected increase in their incidence.

/pdf/giant-right-coronary-artery-aneurysm-case-report-and-34x2o6gcmy.pdf

Giant right coronary artery aneurysm- case report and literature review

Trilinolein is a triacylglycerol purified from a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine Panax notoginseng. Trilinolein has been reported to provide a number of beneficial effects including reducing thrombogenicity and arrhythmias and increasing erythrocyte deformability. Additionally, trilinolein has been reported to be an antioxidant, which can counteract free radical damage associated with atherogenesis, and myocardial damage seen with ischaemia and reperfusion. These pharmacologic effects may explain the perceived benefits derived from treating circulatory disorders with the herb over the centuries.

Protective effects of trilinolein extracted from panax notoginseng against cardiovascular disease.

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to investigate the effects of catechin and epicatechin on the activity of the endogenous antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (as well as the total antioxidant capacity (TAC)) of rats after intra-peritoneal (i.p.) administration.MethodsTwenty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group which was administered daily with a 1:1 mixture of epicatechin and catechin at a concentration of 23 mg/kg body weight for 10 days and the control group which was injected daily with an equal amount of saline. Blood and urine samples were collected before and after the administration period, as well as 10 days after (follow-up).ResultsIntra-peritoneal administration of catechins led to a potent decrease in GPx levels and a significant increase in SOD levels. TAC was significantly increased in plasma and urine. Malonaldehyde levels in urine remained stable. In the animals treated with catechins, SOD...

Effects of catechin and epicatechin on superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity, in vivo

Effect of catechin on the activity and gene expression of superoxide dismutase in cultured rat brain astrocytes

Background: Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a common entity in female population. Although this is a minor disease, it may cause annoying symptoms that impair quality of life (QOL),

Changes of Serum β-Endorphin by Programmed Exercise Training Are Correlated with Improvement of Clinical Symptoms and Quality of Life in Female Mitral Valve Prolapse Syndrome

巨大的冠狀動脈瘤在冠狀動脈疾病是一種罕見的狀況。我們報告一位49 歲的女性由於出現胸悶，經心臟核醫鉈-201 檢查有心肌缺氧現象，因此在冠狀動脈疾病診斷下住院進行心導管檢查。其結果發現有一個巨大右冠狀動脈瘤，因此給予外科手術切除及冠狀動脈繞道手術。病理報告顯示動脈瘤有粥狀硬化，我們報告此一案例並做文獻回顧。

Adult Giant Coronary Artery Aneurysm - A Case Report and Literature Review

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Papers

Effect of catechin on the activity and gene expression of superoxide dismutase in cultured rat brain astrocytes

Changes of Serum β-Endorphin by Programmed Exercise Training Are Correlated with Improvement of Clinical Symptoms and Quality of Life in Female Mitral Valve Prolapse Syndrome

Adult Giant Coronary Artery Aneurysm - A Case Report and Literature Review