Hydrothermal carbonization of various lignocellulosics: Fuel characteristics of hydrochars and surface characteristics of activated hydrochars.

Cocoa pod husk (CPH) has been valorised as adsorbents for the removal of a variety of chemical species from aqueous media. This review was conducted to catalogue the empirical findings, discuss the...

Valorisation of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) pod husk as precursors for the production of adsorbents for water treatment

Adsorption of ketoprofen and 2- nitrophenol on activated carbon prepared from winery wastes: A combined experimental and theoretical study

Cocoa is among the most cultivated and important tropical crops in the world, and it is economically viable in the agro-pastoral systems of tropical Africa. Further, the amount of cocoa residue is steadily increasing due to the strong worldwide demand for chocolate products. This review of cocoa residue found that an average of 18 publications per year were published in the last 10 years. The most common type of publication on cocoa pod husks (CPH) was newspaper articles, which comprised 50% of the publications. This review examines the use of CHP in sustainable development, agrochemical materials, and agro-materials through their potential valorizations into high value-added products. Indeed, CPH is an abundant, accessible, and renewable resource of bioproducts, dietary fibers, nutraceuticals, functional foods, pectin, antioxidant compounds, theobromine, and minerals. Potential food applications of CPH include the production of flavor compounds, gums, texturing agents, and others. The production of biomaterials for food and non-food use, biofuels, and organic acids, such as lactic acid (the polymerization of which produces the PLA used in bioplastic production), are several potential areas for the biotechnological development of CPH and its fractions.

/pdf/cocoa-pod-husks-as-potential-sources-of-renewable-high-value-5amykop1xi.pdf

Cocoa Pod Husks as Potential Sources of Renewable High-Value-Added Products: A Review of Current Valorizations and Future Prospects

Solubility of prazosin hydrochloride (alpha blocker antihypertensive drug) in supercritical CO2: Experimental and thermodynamic modelling

The aim of this research was synthesize and characterize activated carbon obtained at low temperature from cocoa peel (Theobroma cacao), modified with zinc chloride (ZnCl2) for its subsequent use in the removal of amoxicillin. The bio­mass was characterized by elemental analysis and the activated carbon was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Surface Area Analysis (BET) in order to determine the chemical composition, mor­phological and structural characteristics. For the assays of amoxicillin molecular adsorption, was used an aqueous solution of contaminant at 20 ppm, with pH 6 and 9, to which was added 5 g of adsorbent material impregnated with ZnCl2 at 1:3 and 1:4 ratios. These carbons reached surface areas of 287.5 m2/g and 205.4 m2/g, respectively, with average pore sizes from 3 to 4 nm. The percentage of amoxicillin removal was influenced by the pH of the solution to be treated, reaching the highest percentages of adsorption when the pH was acid; removal values achieved for activated carbon 1:3 were 75.4 % and 67.2 %, while for the activated carbon 1:4 were 65.2 % and 56.7 % for solutions at pH 6 and 9, correspondingly. It concludes that the activated carbon obtained at low temperature has potential to remove amoxicillin in aqueous solution and becomes a good alternative due to the availability of the residue.

/pdf/caracterizacion-de-carbon-activado-sintetizado-a-baja-42tihwgbdm.pdf

Caracterización de carbón activado sintetizado a baja temperatura a partir de cáscara de cacao (Theobroma cacao) para la adsorción de amoxicilina

A simple thermodynamic model for the solubility of thermolabile solids in supercritical fluids

Some agricultural residues may be useful to produce adsorbent materials such as activated carbons. Such is the case of Zea mays, which was used as starting material in this research, this residue comes from the separation of the grains from the cob. For the preparation of activated carbon, initially free cob of corn kernels is carbonized at 400 ° C, subsequently carbonized were chemically activated with orthophosphoric acid, activated carbons obtained were modified with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide preheating to 600 °C to observe the textural development. The solids were characterized by a final analysis for determining the surface area were conducted adsorption isotherms by the BET method using Micromeritics Gemini 2375. Activation with orthophosphoric acid increased carbon content and reduced oxygen content. Micropores area increased by treatment with HNO3 and H2 O2 from 278.3 m2 g-1hasta 401.7 m2g-1 and 446.4 m2 g-1, respectively, most of the total developed area corresponded to micropores. The pH coals generated was approximately 3, which was determined in aqueous solutions after washing with distilled water and these materials showed the same values in the COOH groups to 2.12 meq g-1. Key word:

/pdf/analisis-del-desarrollo-textural-de-carbones-activados-1hsh3kv3jy.pdf

Analisis del desarrollo textural de carbones activados preparados a partir de zuro de maíz

Innovación social y sostenibilidad en américa latina: Panorama actual

Lignocellulosic materials are an important raw material for the preparation of useful products in agriculture, such as biofuels, organic fertilizer, energy and bio-products in general. Among these materials are sawdust and barks from activities related to the primary processing of wood. This research proposes a process for the use of agroindustrial residues of wood to obtain ion exchange resins from forest wood residues to measure the absorption capacity of Pb2+. The residues were modified by chemical treatment with CS2 and NaOH, using a 0.035 residue/NaOH w/w ratio and 1.125 CS2 /residue w/w. pH tests were performed to study the influence on the ion exchange phenomenon, adsorption isotherms were also performed to evaluate the adsorption capacity of the untreated residue and the sulfonated residue. The sulfur groups of the sulfonated wood residue were identified by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that the best lead removal was obtained using a pH of 5 for both materials (89% and 98%) of adsorption in solutions of 100 mg L-1 of Pb2+ and 50 mg/10 mL of adsorbent, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of the wood residue was 65 mg g-1 of Pb2+ for the untreated residue, while for the sulfonated residue it was 72 mg g-1 of Pb2+. pH is a limiting factor for evaluating the adsorption capacity of the resin. The wood residues are useful as feedstock to obtain ion exchange resins.

/pdf/aprovechamiento-de-residuos-maderosos-para-la-obtencion-de-341xa6zkzm.pdf

Aprovechamiento de residuos maderosos para la obtencion de resinas de intercambio iónico

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