A fuel cell for generating electricity by using an ion exchange membrane as electrolyte. Such fuel cells are generally arranged as a stack. Each fuel cell has a fuel electrode to which gaseous hydrogen is fed, an oxygen electrode to which oxygen is fed, an ion exchange membrane sandwiched therebetween, a fuel distribution member for supplying fuel to the fuel electrode, and an oxygen distribution member for supplying oxygen to the oxygen electrode. These fuel cells are characterized by a liquid-permeable electricity-conductive member in the form of a layer for storage and transport of water produced in the fuel cell. The fluid-permeable member is separated from the electrodes and the fuel cell is contained between outer impermeable sheets. The fuel cell assembly is part of a system that also removes heat from the assembly during its operation. The heat removal is accomplished alternately by evaporative cooling, direct air cooling, cooling with recirculating liquid or cooling by direct heat conduction to a heat sink. The system further is provided with a hydride container and a hydride bed in which gaseous hydrogen is generated. The gaseous hydrogen is used as fuel in the fuel cells. The hydrogen is liberated from the hydride bed predominantly by the heat generated in the fuel cell.

Ion exchange fuel cell assembly with improved water and thermal management

A floating layer recovery apparatus is disclosed for selectively pumping a liquid floating on groundwater. The apparatus preferably includes a first float which is buoyant in the floating layer attached by a guide to a bottom float which has neutral buoyancy in the groundwater. A middle float is slidably attached to the guide for upward and downward movement between the first and bottom floats. The middle float being an inlet is constructed to have an effective density in the assembly such that it rests at a point where its inlet is near the bottom of the floating layer. Coiled conduits disposed above and below the bottom float carry the floating layer liquid received by the inlet to a pump disposed below. The pump then pumps the floating layer liquid from the conduit to the ground surface. In a preferred embodiment, more precise control over the level of the inlet port is achieved by means of an adjustable inlet port means.

Floating layer recovery apparatus

An elastic rebound pump comprises a flexible inner tube having a substantial elastic rebound surrounded by a pump housing. The inner tube defines an inner chamber and the pump housing forms an outer chamber for confining a pump fluid. The pump allows pressurized gas or hydraulic fluid into the outer chamber to collapse the inner tube thereby discharging liquid from the inner chamber through an outlet opening. The pump alternately releases the pressurized fluid from the outer chamber thereby allowing the inner tube to rebound to a full configuration and draw liquid into the inner chamber through the inlet opening. By repeatedly allowing pump fluid into the outer chamber and sequentially releasing the pump fluid from the outer chamber, the pump produces a substantially steady flow of liquid. An extraction pump system includes the elastic rebound pump for removing liquid hydrocarbons from ground water collected in a well. The elastic rebound pump fits easily into small diameter wells and can be suspended above the liquid hydrocarbons in the well. An alternative extraction pump system includes a submersible pneumatic pump positioned within the ground water in the well for creating a cone of depression, and the elastic rebound pump and the submersible pump are driven simultaneously. In another disclosed extraction pump system, the elastic rebound pump is suspended within the housing of the submerged pneumatic pump. In still another disclosed extraction pump system, the elastic rebound pump is driven with pressurized ground water from a submersible pump.

Extraction system with a pump having an elastic rebound inner tube

A method of monitoring the quality of water at a ground water sampling site without human intervention. Water at the sampling site is purged until at least one preselected purge criterion is satisfied. At least one water quality attribute is automatically measured at the sampling site, and the quality of water at the site is determined based on the measured water quality attribute. The method is performed by a system including a control unit which, in accordance with a computer program, controls the taking of water quality attribute measurements at the sampling site. The control unit may be equipped with a port for downloading data to a technician on site and with a transceiver for communicating data to a base station via a communications network.

Automated groundwater monitoring system and method

Installation for pumping a liquid coming from an underground source, comprising a well (10) extending from the surface (12) towards the liquid source (14), the well having a chamber (40) extending substantially over its entire length, at least one tubing (18) passing through the chamber and communicating with the latter, and a set of valves (34), which is intended for putting the chamber selectively in communication with a gas source at a first pressure (36), making it possible for the liquid coming from the source to fill the chamber, and a gas source at a second pressure (38) higher than the first pressure, in order to empty the chamber, the liquid being delivered towards a first outlet (30) by flow through the tubing, characterized in that the said installation comprises, furthermore, a shutter (52), mounted in the tubing (18), and a second conduit (58; 70) leading to a second outlet (74), the shutter being capable of reacting to the density of fluid surrounding it, so that it can deliver a first liquid towards the first outlet (30), a second liquid of higher density being delivered towards the second outlet (74) via the second conduit (58; 70).

Method and installation for pumping an oil-well effluent

A fluid sampling apparatus is disclosed for withdrawing samples of groundwater or other fluids from a well or other monitoring site. The apparatus preferably includes pump means, conduit means and a wellhead assembly that are substantially permanently installed at such well or monitoring site and are thereby dedicated thereto in order to avoid or minimize cross-contamination of samples from site to site. The apparatus preferably also includes a removable and portable controller means adapted for easy and convenient transportation and connection to such dedicated fluid sampling components at various wells or monitoring sites.

Fluid sampling apparatus

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Fluid sampling apparatus