Transfer of natural radioactive nuclides from soil to plant crops.

Study of soil to plant transfer factors of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs in Vietnamese crops.

Food safety concerns associated with radiotoxicity risks among consumers are widespread in areas with human activities such as mining. Therefore, the study was carried out to determine natural radioactivity levels in total diets in an area with excessive mining activities. Using validated models, the committed effective dose and excess cancer risk were calculated for consumers based on the activity concentration, food intake, exposure frequency, exposure duration, dose, and risk conversion factors. In addition, the percentage contribution of each radionuclide to the committed effective dose was determined. The results showed that the levels of activity concentration of 226Ra (0.17 Bq/kg), 228Ra (0.10 Bq/kg), 228Th (0.08 Bq/kg) and 40K (33.2 Bq/kg) were below global reference values (0.5–80 Bq/kg). The corresponding order of the total committed effective dose for age groups was: 0.179 mSv/year (adults) < 0.485 mSv/year (children) < 0.571 mSv/y (adolescents) < 0.634 mSv/year (toddlers) and exceeded the typical level (0.3 mSv/year) with the exception of adults. 40K in diets from this study was the highest contributor (48%) to committed effective dose, followed by 228Ra (35%), 226Ra (16%) and 228Th (1%) respectively. Radionuclide-specific excess cancer risk was found to increase in this order: 228Th (7 × 10–8) < 40K (3 × 10–7) < 226Ra (2 × 10–6) < 228Ra (3 × 10–6). This study showed that both radionuclide-specific and cumulative excess cancer risks (5.5 × 10–6) were all within the protective range (1 × 10–4–1 × 10–6).

Excess lifetime cancer risk and committed effective dose associated with dietary exposure to radioactivity of natural origin from mining areas

The present study examines the radionuclides (40 K, 226 Ra and 210 Pb) concentrations in soil and plants collected from El Jadida agricultural area. The transfer factors of radionuclides from the soil to different components of the plants (stems, roots, leaves, and fruits) was also determined and assessed. The plants include various vegetable crops, including pumpkin, zucchini, beans, fennel, potato, sunflower, broccoli, onion, carrot, cabbage, tomato, and mallow from three different locations. A wide-range HPGe gamma-ray spectrometer is used for radionuclide activity measurement. The radionuclides activities of soil samples display a wide range of variability from one location to another. The concentrations of 226 Ra vary between 18 ± 1 Bq.Kg-1 and 80 ± 4 Bq.Kg-1 , the concentrations of 210 Pb range from 49.7 ± 4.4 Bq.Kg-1 to 269 ± 16 Bq.Kg-1 , and the 40 K values fluctuate between 94,1 ± 6,5 and 286,1 ± 15,3 Bq.Kg-1 . The study showed that the transfer factor for K-40 is more significant than Pb-210 and Ra-226, mainly related to the use of fertilizers rich in potassium in the agricultural areas, leading to its concentrations increase.

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Transfer of 40K, 226Ra and 210Pb from soil to plants in various locations of El-Jadida agricultural area (north-western Morocco)

The effect of fertilizers on transfer factors in plant, the topsoil environment and the risk of ingestion

Distribution studies of natural radionuclides in soil, statistical analysis of activity concentrations, and transfer factors (TFs) from soil to the vegetables grown in some selected farming communities within the Greater Accra Region in Ghana were carried out. The measurements were carried out through a gamma-ray spectrometry. The mean activity concentrations of 226Ra, 228Ra, and 40K in the fertilized soils were 20.0 ± 3.9 Bq/kg, 39.0 ± 7.0 Bq/kg, and 143.6 ± 23.3 Bq/kg, respectively. For the nonfertilized soils, mean activity concentrations were found to be 12.07 ± 2.55 Bq/kg for 226Ra, 27.1 ± 6.3 Bq/kg for 228Ra, and 87.8 ± 18.5 Bq/kg for 40K. These results were compared with reported ranges in the literature from other location in the world. The TF for 226Ra, 228Ra, and 40K from fertilized soil to vegetables was evaluated. 226Ra TF values from fertilized soil to vegetables were found to be higher in lettuce in Farm 6. The highest TF for 40K and 228Ra was found in cauliflower in Farm 4. 40K TF was higher than those values reported in other studies. The activity concentration in fertilized and unfertilized soil exhibited slightly positively skewed, negatively skewed, leptokurtic, and platykurtic distribution in terms of skewness and kurtosis. The activity concentration of natural radionuclides in fertilized and unfertilized soil is statistically insignificant at 5% level of significance using independent t-test. Pearson's correlation coefficient exhibited a negative correlation between 226Ra and 228Ra in fertilized soil and 226Ra and 228Ra in vegetables but was statistically insignificant while 40K in fertilized soil exhibited a positive correlation with 40K in vegetables and was statistically significant at 5% level of significance with a coefficient of determination of 1%, 61%, and 10% for 226Ra, 40K, and 228Ra, respectively.

Naturally occurring radionuclide transfer from soil to vegetables in some farmlands in Ghana and statistical analysis

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Naturally occurring radionuclide transfer from soil to vegetables in some farmlands in Ghana and statistical analysis