A team of scientists integrated recent research to inform forest managers, stakeholders, and interested parties concerned with promoting socioecological resilience in the Sierra Nevada, southern Cascade Range, and Modoc Plateau. Among the focal topics were forest and fire ecology; soils; aquatic ecosystems; forest carnivores including Pacific fisher, marten, and California spotted owl; air quality; and the social, economic, and cultural components of socioecological systems. The synthesis adopted a holistic perspective by focusing on issues that cross scientific disciplines and considering the integrated nature of terrestrial and aquatic systems and the interconnections between restoration of ecological processes and the social and economic concerns of communities. A central theme is the importance of restoring key ecological processes to mitigate impacts of widespread stressors to socioecological resilience, including changes in climate, fire deficit and fuel accumulations, air pollution, and pathogens and invasive species. Key findings from the synthesis were that (1) efforts to promote resilience of socioecological systems increasingly consider the interaction of social values and ecological processes in pursuit of long-term mutual benefits and social learning for local communities and larger social networks; (2) strategic placement of treatments to reduce hazardous fuel accumulations and to restore fire as an ecosystem process within large landscapes can lower the risk of uncharacteristically large, severe, and dangerous fires, and their associated impacts to sensitive wildlife species; and (3) science suggests a need for active treatment in some riparian and core wildlife habitat to restore fire and its ecological benefits. Forest landscape management will need to be adaptive as the impacts of stressors and treatments on a range of socioecological values are determined by further research and monitoring.

https://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/psw_gtr247/chapters/psw_gtr247_chapter9_1.pdf

Science synthesis to support socioecological resilience in the Sierra Nevada and southern Cascade Range

Experimental harvesting of wetland plants to evaluate trade-offs between reducing methane emissions and removing nutrients accumulated to the biomass in constructed wetlands.

California Rivers and Streams

/pdf/a-soil-carbon-proxy-to-predict-ch4-and-n2o-emissions-from-r55c8wjx6e.pdf

A soil carbon proxy to predict CH4 and N2O emissions from rewetted agricultural peatlands

Natural Variability, Anthropogenic Climate Change, and Impacts on Water Availability and Flood Extremes in the Western United States

Sierra Nevada snowpack is a critical water source for California’s growing population and agricultural industry. However, because mountain winters and springs are warming, on average, precipitation as snowfall relative to rain is decreasing, and snowmelt is earlier. The changes are stronger at mid-elevations than at higher elevations. The result is that the water supply provided by snowpack is diminishing. In this paper, we describe principal hydrologic responses to climatic and spatial geologic variations as gleaned from a series of observations including snowpack, stream-flow, and bedrock geology. Our analysis focused on peak (maximum) and base (minimum) daily discharge of the annual snowmelt-driven hydrographs from 18 Sierra Nevada watersheds and 24 stream gage locations using standard correlation methods. Insights into the importance of the relative magnitudes of peak flow and soil water storage led us to develop a hydrologic classification of mountain watersheds based on runoff versus base flow as a percentage of peak flow. Our findings suggest that watersheds with a stronger base flow response store more soil water than watersheds with a stronger peak-flow response. Further, the influence of antecedent wet or dry years is greater in watersheds with high base flow, measured as a percentage of peak flow. The strong correlation between 1) the magnitude of peak flow, and 2) snow water equivalent can be used to predict peak flow weeks in advance. A weaker but similar correlation can be used to predict the magnitude of base flow months in advance. Most of the watersheds show a trend that peak flow is occurring earlier in the year.

/pdf/principal-hydrologic-responses-to-climatic-and-geologic-2arifdqchc.pdf

Principal hydrologic responses to climatic and geologic variability in the Sierra Nevada, California

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Principal hydrologic responses to climatic and geologic variability in the Sierra Nevada, California