Fossils document the existence of trees and wood-associated organisms from almost 400 million years ago, and today there are between 400,000 and 1 million wood-inhabiting species in the world. This is the first book to synthesise the natural history and conservation needs of wood-inhabiting organisms. Presenting a thorough introduction to biodiversity in decaying wood, the book studies the rich diversity of fungi, insects and vertebrates that depend upon dead wood. It describes the functional diversity of these organisms and their specific habitat requirements in terms of host trees, decay phases, tree dimensions, microhabitats and the surrounding environment. Recognising the threats posed by timber extraction and forest management, the authors also present management options for protecting and maintaining the diversity of these species in forests as well as in agricultural landscapes and urban parks.

Biodiversity in dead wood.

Saproxylic insects comprise a diverse, species-rich and dominant functional group that share a dependence on dead wood and the old trees that generate it (mature timber habitat). Recent research has highlighted their sensitivity to forest management, with managed or secondary forests generally supporting fewer individuals, fewer species, and different assemblages compared to old-growth or primary forests. This sensitivity is a product of their association with a habitat that tends to diminish in managed forests. Many species also have low powers of dispersal relative to human-induced fragmentation, making breaks in habitat continuity particularly harmful. In western Europe, many species are now regionally extinct. Information is largely lacking elsewhere, but similar ecological and management principles should apply. Measures taken to protect the habitat of hollow-dependent vertebrates may ensure the survival of some saproxylic insects, but unless their needs are expressly considered, there remains the risk that many others may be lost as forest areas shrink and management of remaining areas intensifies.

https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/3069254.pdf

Saproxylic Insect Ecology and the Sustainable Management of Forests

We review species richness in major organism groups, mainly using examples from northern Europe. A high proportion of these species is forest living, and large numbers are dependent on decaying wood. Biodiversity can be assessed at various scales using two different principles. One is to use features, such as ancient and dead trees, known to be important for a large number of species. The other method is to choose species or groups of species known to indicate high biodiversity or presence of many red-listed species. We argue that any serious biodiversity assessment method should include the most species rich organism groups, for example insects. In the present paper we point out the most important features for high biodiversity (old trees and large dead trees), and review the quantities of these features in near-virgin forests. The natural disturbance regime of a region should be the basis for defining a suitable scale and the appropriate features for biodiversity assessment. Possible indicator species f...

/pdf/biodiversity-and-its-assessment-in-boreal-and-nemoral-2kx4hd274f.pdf

Biodiversity and its Assessment in Boreal and Nemoral Forests

The Department of Entomology, AgBioResearch, the College
of Agriculture and Natural Resources and the College of Osteopathic Medicine at Michigan State University provided funding
to M. E. Benbow. P. S. Barton. was funded by an Australian
Research Council grant (DE150100026). This work was partially
funded by a grant from the National Institute of Justice, Office
of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice awarded (2014-
DN-BX-K008) to H. R. Jordan, M. E. Benbow, and J. L. Pechal. Contributions of J. C. B. were partially supported by
the U.S. Department of Energy under award # DE-EM0004391
to the University of Georgia Research Foundation and M. S.
Strickland was partially supported by a National Science Foundation grant (1556753).

/pdf/necrobiome-framework-for-bridging-decomposition-ecology-of-4voc7y3kcw.pdf

Necrobiome framework for bridging decomposition ecology of autotrophically and heterotrophically derived organic matter

Tree basal area and dead wood as surrogate indicators of saproxylic insect faunal integrity: a case study from the Australian lowland tropics

The beetle fauna of 299 sporocarps of the bracket fungus Fomitopsis pinicola in a 200 ha spruce forest in southeastern Norway was investigated in relation to sporocarp, tree and forest variables The sporocarps contained 36 species of beetles, of which six species are on the Norwegian Red List Of 12,373 individual beetles collected, 91% were Cis glabratus Plots of species accumulation curves suggested that there may be more than 60 beetle species present in F pinicola in the area, but that probably all the specialist Ciidae were found The major factor influencing beetle diversity turned out to be the level of dead wood at and in the vicinity of the sampling site, with a higher number of species per unit volume of sporocarps in areas with high levels of dead wood There were also significantly more red-listed species in those areas Analysing the species occurrence with stepwise logistic regression, we show preferential habitat selection of the six most abundant species of Ciidae Conservation of beetles associated with bracket fungi using amount of dead wood as a surrogate measurement is discussed

Diversity of Coleoptera of the bracket fungus Fomitopsis pinicola in a Norwegian spruce forest.

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Diversity of Coleoptera of the bracket fungus Fomitopsis pinicola in a Norwegian spruce forest.