As a "silent killer", kidney disease is often hardly detected at an early stage but can cause lethal kidney failure later on. Thus, a preclinical imaging technique that can readily differentiate between the stages of kidney dysfunction is highly desired for improving our fundamental understanding of kidney disease progression. Herein, we report that in vivo fluorescence imaging, enabled by renal-clearable near-infrared-emitting gold nanoparticles, can noninvasively detect kidney dysfunction, report on the dysfunctional stages, and even reveal adaptive function in a mouse model of unilateral obstructive nephropathy, which cannot be diagnosed with routine kidney function markers. These results demonstrate that low-cost fluorescence kidney functional imaging is highly sensitive and useful for the longitudinal, noninvasive monitoring of kidney dysfunction progression in preclinical research.

/pdf/noninvasive-staging-of-kidney-dysfunction-enabled-by-renal-dc1pkn53fv.pdf

Noninvasive Staging of Kidney Dysfunction Enabled by Renal-Clearable Luminescent Gold Nanoparticles

Kidney disease is usually "silent" at the early stage but can lead to severe kidney failure later on. The development of bioimaging probes with rapid distribution and long-term retention in the kidney is significant for the precise diagnosis of renal diseases. Here, a strategy for the peptide-mediated delivery and long-term accumulation (>48 h) of second near-infrared window (NIR-II) fluorophores into the kidney is demonstrated. It is shown that both the hepatic-cleared organic molecules and fast renal-cleared ultrasmall nanoparticles can be retained in the kidney after conjugation to the peptide with high polarity. Moreover, a ROS-responsive activatable bilateral NIR-II sensor was designed based on the kidney targeting peptide, which enables both in vivo long-term kidney monitoring and in vitro urine analysis. The capability of the peptide-based sensor to detect early kidney injury and report on kidney dysfunctional progression is particularly crucial for chemotherapy regimen optimization and timely renoprotective intervention during medication.

A Promising NIR-II Fluorescent Sensor for Peptide-Mediated Long-Term Monitoring of Kidney Dysfunction

A review of the application of nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic kidney disease

Near-infrared II emissive metal clusters: From atom physics to biomedicine

Nanoparticles (NPs) are differing in particle size, charge, shape, and compatibility of targeting ligands, which are linked to improved pharmacologic characteristics, targetability, and bioavailability. Researchers are now tasked with developing a solution for enhanced renal treatment that is free of side effects and delivers the medicine to the active spot. A growing number of nano-based medication delivery devices are being used to treat renal disorders. Kidney disease management and treatment are currently causing a substantial global burden. Renal problems are multistep processes involving the accumulation of a wide range of molecular and genetic alterations that have been related to a variety of kidney diseases. Renal filtration is a key channel for drug elimination in the kidney, as well as a burgeoning topic of nanomedicine. Although the use of nanotechnology in the treatment of renal illnesses is still in its early phases, it offers a lot of potentials. In this review, we summarized the properties of the kidney and characteristics of drug delivery systems, which affect a drug’s ability should focus on the kidney and highlight the possibilities, problems, and opportunities.

/pdf/role-of-nanotechnology-and-their-perspectives-in-the-1jln6tsb.pdf

Role of Nanotechnology and Their Perspectives in the Treatment of Kidney Diseases

Identifying Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction by Fluorescence Imaging: A Comparative Study of Imaging Modalities to Assess Renal Function and Degree of Obstruction in a Mouse Model

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Identifying Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction by Fluorescence Imaging: A Comparative Study of Imaging Modalities to Assess Renal Function and Degree of Obstruction in a Mouse Model