Family, friendship and community networks underlie much of the recent migration to industrial nations Current interest in these networks accompany the development of a migration system perspective

Family and personal networks in international migration: recent developments and new agendas.

This is the original article, published in 2003 as a chapter in the Global Development Finance flagship report of the World Bank, that brought workers' remittances to the attention of the global development community. It highlighted that remittances provide a lifeline to many poor countries: they are larger than official development aid, they are counter-cyclical to the recipient country's economic cycle, and they can be leveraged for complementing development efforts.

/pdf/workers-remitt-ances-an-important-and-stable-source-of-121c5caz5r.pdf

Workers' Remitt ances: An Important and Stable Source of External Development Finance

The author describes the development of demography in Hungary from 1928 to the present with a focus on the contribution of Hungarian demographers to the activities of the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population (IUSSP). This paper is part of an IUSSP project that deals with the history of the Union and involves the preparation of papers on such activities in several countries. (summary in ENG RUS) (ANNOTATION)

Contribution of Hungarian demographic science and Hungarian demographers to the work of the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population

The article reviews empirical studies of international migration within the North American migratory system in order to evaluate the various theories that seek to explain the initiation and perpetuation of international movement. The review uncovers significant support for all theories suggesting that they constitute complementary rather than competing explanations of migration. One criticism is that far too much research is focused on Mexico whose unique relationship to the United States may make it unrepresentative of broader patterns and trends in migration. After discussing salient gaps in the research record and outlining promising directions for future study the article attempts to construct a comprehensive model for understanding immigration into North America. (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA) (EXCERPT)

An evaluation of international migration theory: the North American case.

The interdisciplinary field of migration studies is split into internal and international migration, characterised by different literatures, concepts, methods and policy agendas. Most migration scholars nowadays research international migration, even though, quantitatively, internal migration is more important. Yet the distinction between internal and international moves becomes increasingly blurred, not only because of geopolitical events and the changing nature and configuration of borders, but also because migrants' journeys are becoming increasingly multiple, complex and fragmented. We present a schematic model that sets out 10 migration pathways that combine internal and international migration, and return migration, in various sequenced relationships. We survey the limited literature that attempts to compare and integrate internal and international migration within the same theoretical framework, both general models and some case-study literature from Mexico. We consider three approaches where theoretical transfer seems to hold potential: systems approaches, migrant integration, and the migration-development nexus. We conclude that considerable potential exists for integrating the study of internal and international migration, at both the theoretical and the empirical level. Too often one is studied without reference to the other, yielding a partial analysis. However, we baulk at attempting any 'grand theory' of migration which incorporates all types of migration, in all places and at all times.

https://www.mah.se/upload/Forskningscentrum/MIM/2013%20Seminars/130307%20RK%20text%20Mind%20the%20Gap%20King%20and%20Skeldon%20JEMS.pdf

‘Mind the Gap!’ Integrating Approaches to Internal and International Migration

In recent years overseas workers from Asia have been sending remittances of about $8 billion annually to their home countries. These remittances are an important source of precious foreign exchange for the major labor-exporting countries. The overall development impact of remittances however has not been well established. Remittances are spent primarily on day-to-day consumption expenditures housing land purchase and debt repayment. Although only a small proportion of remittances are directed into productive investments this does not warrant the conclusion that the developmental value of remittances is negligible. In fact remittances spent on domestic goods and services Asia provide an important stimulus to indigenous industries and to the economies of the labor supplying countries. It is these broader macroeconomic benefits of remittances which seem to have been largely ignored in the literature and this perhaps explains the pessimistic view of the developmental value of remittances. Reservations concerning the effects of remittance on the sending countries include the fears that 1) expenditure patterns of remittance receiving households may create a demonstration effect whereby nonmigrant households may increase consumption 2) remittance inflow will increase income and wealth inequalities 3) remittance expenditures may result in inflation 4) remittances may produce only short-term fluctuations in long-term economic development and 5) remittances may adversely affect agricultural development.

Overseas workers' remittances in Asian development.

The Value of Children: A Cross-National Study. Volume 1: Introduction and Comparative Analysis.@@@Volume 2: Philippines.@@@Volume 3: Hawaii.

This book is a product of the Conference on Asian Labor Migration to the Middle East held in Honolulu Hawaii in September 1983. The conference focused on the magnitude of recent flows of labor migrants the characteristics of contract workers the consequences of labor migration for sending countries and relevant policies and programmes. The 13 papers which are by various authors are divided into three sections. The first is concerned with the regional perspective; the second with East and Southeast Asia; and the third with South Asia. (ANNOTATION)

Asian Labor Migration: Pipeline To The Middle East

The most evident fact about Asian and Pacific immigration is its diversity. Sending countries include countries as diverse as socialist Vietnam capitalist South Korea and colonial American Samoa. Significant groups of immigrants include Hmong hill farmers Indian scientists and engineers Chinese businessmen and Filipino service workers. From the perspective of social science the differences among immigration flows offer a challenge to theorists who seek general models to explain the causes and consequences of international migration. The absence of a comprehensive explanatory framework is also attributable to the paucity of empirical data that would correspond to such an approach. As a step toward theoretical development the authors argue for the application of a broad migration systems paradigm within which diverse bits of knowledge can be integrated and compared. This paradigm requires the use of macro- and microdata it presupposes a knowledge of history as well as of contemporary conditions at the origin and at alternative destinations it seeks to explain both stability and different forms of mobility it pays particular attention to the linkages between places and it recognizes that the parts of a migration system are dynamically interconnected.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.2050-411X.1987.tb00971.x

19: Explaining Diversity: Asian and Pacific Immigration Systems

The study compares determinants of internal and international migration intentions drawing upon interview data from a sample of adults in Ilocos Norte a largely rural province in the Philippines. A regression model is applied to test the relative determinants of intentions to migrate to Manila and to Hawaii. The study is based on a value-expectancy model of migration decision making. The results document the importance of subjective expectations related to the attainment of different values and goals in Manila and Hawaii. (EXCERPT)

International and internal migration decision making: a value-expectancy based analytical framework of intentions to move from a rural Philippine province.

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