Ethics is a philosophical branch of inquiry that reasons between what is right and wrong. The moral philosophy of Socrates, Aristotle, and Plato from ancient Greek became the basis of most of the western ethics. These days, ethics can be divided based on its inquiries for example, normative, descriptive, metaethics, and applied ethics or based on its theories like utilitarianism, emotivism, and universal ethics. In context with applied ethics that examines issues involving emerging technologies, this study will look into the ethics of Malaysian stem cell technology based on written literature. It was mainly to identify Malaysian literature on stem cell ethics through conventional search since the mainstream international database indicated an obvious shortage. The critical review of this literature will facilitate in the understanding of unique position of Malaysia towards stem cell and its ethics in reference to the limited number. Despite the limitation, this can be a preliminary study urging for more inquiries and exploration to fulfil the multiple perspectives in ethics such as the diversity of Malaysian ethics, the impact of ethics in stem cell regulation in Malaysia, and if western contemporary ethics influences Malaysian ethics particularly involving stem cell technology.

The Shortage of Malaysian Stem Cell Ethics in Mainstream Database: a Preliminary Study.

Interactions between bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and cartilage cells were studied in cell cocultures. Actin cytoskeleton organization and the cell spreading on various extracellular matrix proteins (laminin 2/4, collagen type I, and fibronectin) were explored. It was found that the most pronounced morphological changes (cell shape and area, actin cytoskeleton organization) were observed in cells cultivated on fibronectin. The average spreading area of BMSCs grown on fibronectin was about four times larger than the spreading area of cartilage cells. In cocultures of these cells plated in a ratio of 1: 1, the cell spreading area on fibronectin proved to be 1.5 times less than was theoretically calculated. To clarify what influence cells have on each other, cell spreading in the conditioned medium was assayed. It was round that the BMSC spreading area in a cartilage cell conditioned medium was significantly less than in the control serum-free medium. This shows that cartilage cells are the source of factors that affect BMSC spreading.

Spreading and actin cytoskeleton organization of cartilage and bone marrow stromal cells cocultured on various extracellular matrix proteins

Cardiovascular diseases are the major causes of mortality and morbidity throughout the world. Treatment of these diseases is often incomplete, suboptimal and far from permanent cure. One of the reasons behind this is the nature of heart as a terminally differentiated organ. Preclinical and clinical research in the last few decades has put a challenge to this conventional belief regarding the inability of regeneration of the cardiomyocytes. Embryonic, foetal and a wide range of adult stem cells have been used so far. Differentiation of adult somatic cells has lead to breakthrough discovery of induced pleuripotent stem cells which may be a potential solution of controversy over embryonic stem cell issue. Stem cells specially those of bone marrow origin are already being used in a limited scale to treat acute myocardial infarction, chronic myocardial ischaemia and cardiomyopathy with efficacy, feasibility and safety. Mesenchymal stem cells and adult cardiac stem cells are on the way to bedside use. skeletal myoblasts have been associated with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia. Stem cells combined with tissue engineering have produced prosthetic tissue valves, and hope for manufacturing whole heart ex vivo in near future. However, like other rapidly evolving modalities, there are more questions than answers. Exact indications, patient selection, cell selection, timing of therapy, efficacy of repeated therapies, co-administration of growth factors, and genetic modification of stem cells are yet to be determined with precision. International community is coming forward with enthusiasm and vigor to explore the enormous potential of stem cell therapy and regenerative medicine. Future research will hopefully facilitate more versatile application of stem cells in treating the life-threatening and disabling ailments of mankind. Keywords: Stem cell; regenerative medicine DOI: 10.3329/cardio.v3i1.6429 Cardiovasc. j. 2010; 3(1): 66-80

http://imsear.hellis.org/bitstream/123456789/168121/1/cd2010v3n1p66.pdf

Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy: An Overview

Regenerative medicine using stem cell therapy has sparked much interest in this 21st century not only because of the controversies that surround the ethics involving pluripotent stem cells but their potential for use in the clinic. The ability of stem cells to repair and regenerate new tissues and organs holds tremendous promise for the treatment of many serious diseases and injuries. This review provides a brief summary of the current status of research in stem cells with special emphasis on where we are in terms of the possible clinical application of stem cell therapy in orthopaedic surgery. We look at the available evidence and examine the ethical issues and considerations associated with the clinical use of stem cells.

/pdf/review-article-stem-cell-therapy-in-orthopaedic-surgery-2w90jchpun.pdf

Review Article: Stem Cell Therapy in Orthopaedic Surgery: Current Status and Ethical Considerations

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Review Article: Stem Cell Therapy in Orthopaedic Surgery: Current Status and Ethical Considerations