Analysis of trajectory data is the key to a growing number of applications aiming at global understanding and management of complex phenomena that involve moving objects (e.g. worldwide courier distribution, city traffic management, bird migration monitoring). Current DBMS support for such data is limited to the ability to store and query raw movement (i.e. the spatio-temporal position of an object). This paper explores how conceptual modeling could provide applications with direct support of trajectories (i.e. movement data that is structured into countable semantic units) as a first class concept. A specific concern is to allow enriching trajectories with semantic annotations allowing users to attach semantic data to specific parts of the trajectory. Building on a preliminary requirement analysis and an application example, the paper proposes two modeling approaches, one based on a design pattern, the other based on dedicated data types, and illustrates their differences in terms of implementation in an extended-relational context.

/pdf/a-conceptual-view-on-trajectories-k8d3970n1n.pdf

A conceptual view on trajectories

Review: 3D geo-database research: Retrospective and future directions

The goal of SECONDO is to provide a "generic" database system frame that can be filled with implementations of various DBMS data models. SECONDO was intended originally as a platform for implementing and experimenting with new kinds of data models, especially to support spatial, spatio-temporal, and graph database models. We now feel, SECONDO has a clean architecture, and it strike a reasonable balance between simplicity and sophistication. Since all the source code is accessible and to a large extent comprehensible for students, we believe it is also an excellent tool for teaching database architecture and implementation concepts. SECONDO runs on Windows, Linux, and Solaris platforms, and consists of three major components SECONDO kernel, optimizer, and graphical user interface.

SECONDO: an extensible DBMS platform for research prototyping and teaching

Representing descriptions of movements in databases and querying them is a basic capability required in mobile data management. In this demonstration, we show for the first time a prototype implementing a data model and query language for moving objects (trajectories) completely integrated into a DBMS environment, including query optimization and user interface issues such as animation.

Querying Moving Objects in SECONDO

This paper presents a novel approach to express and evaluate the complex class of queries in moving object databases called spatiotemporal pattern queries (STP queries). That is, one can specify temporal order constraints on the fulfillment of several predicates. This is in contrast to a standard spatiotemporal query that is composed of a single predicate. We propose a language design for spatiotemporal pattern queries in the context of spatiotemporal DBMSs. The design builds on the well established concept of lifted predicates. Hence, unlike previous approaches, patterns are neither restricted to specific sets of predicates, nor to specific moving object types. The proposed language can express arbitrarily complex patterns that involve various types of spatiotemporal operations such as range, metric, topological, set operations, aggregations, distance, direction, and boolean operations. This work covers the language integration in SQL, the evaluation of the queries, and the integration with the query optimizer. We also propose a simple language for defining the temporal constraints. The approach allows for queries that were never available. We provide a complete implementation in C+?+ and Prolog in the context of the Secondo platform. The implementation is made publicly available online as a Secondo Plugin, which also includes automatic scripts for repeating the experiments in this paper.

/pdf/spatiotemporal-pattern-queries-1vpgmiltsw.pdf

Spatiotemporal pattern queries

We describe 
S
ECONDO
, an extensible DBMS platform suitabl
e for building research prototypes and
for teaching architecture and impl
ementation of database systems. It does not have a fixed data
model, but is open for im
plementation of new models. 
S
ECONDO
 consists of three major components
which can be used together or independently: (i) 
the kernel, which offers query processing over a set
of implemented algebras, each offering some type 
constructors and operators, (ii) the optimizer,
which implements the essential part of an SQL-lik
e language, and (iii) the graphical user interface
which is extensible by viewers fo
r new data types and which provides a sophisticated viewer for spa-
tial and spatio-temporal (moving) objects.
 Examples of algebras implemented in 
S
ECONDO
 are rela-
tions, spatial data types, R-trees, or midi object
s (music files), each with
 suitable operations. The
kernel is extensible by algebras, the optimizer 
by optimization rules and cost functions, and the GUI
by viewers and display functions.
A highlight of the description is a new algor
ithm for conjunctive query optimization which is
remarkably simple, yet performs very well. We al
so emphasize a technique for selectivity estimation
suitable for an extensible envi
ronment with complex algebras for non-standard data types.

SECONDO: an extensible DBMS architecture and prototype

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SECONDO: an extensible DBMS architecture and prototype