Psychological Evaluations for the Courts: A Handbook for Mental Health Professionals and Lawyers, 2nd ed

During the initial decade of the twenty first century a number of scholars in the American public administration arena suggested that certain social science methods, particularly those pertaining to portfolio analysis, can play an important role in managing tax revenue volatility. Several discussions involved an adaptation of Modern Portfolio Theory which indicates that investment decisions should be based on the mean-variance characteristics of “portfolios” which are collections of financial assets. This paper contributes to the technical aspect of the dialogue by outlining a procedure which may reduce some tax portfolio analysis complexities when applied to these kinds of revenue decisions.

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Managing Tax Revenue Volatility

A great deal of attention has been devoted to documenting the legal experiences and knowledge of children involved in the juvenile dependency system (i.e., child protection system). Such insight is critical to inform policies that profoundly affect children and families. However, the experiences and knowledge of another population involved in the dependency system are also critically important—namely those of the children’s parents. Parents’ understanding has enormous potential to affect their behaviors, ongoing decisions in the case, and the eventual case outcome. In the current study, 105 parents involved in ongoing juvenile dependency cases were interviewed about their general and case-specific dependency understanding, including their understanding of commonly used dependency terms, the role of dependency professionals, and the purpose of key hearings. Parents, on average, evidenced a limited or partial general understanding of the system. More than half of the sample demonstrated a limited understanding of the judge’s specific decisions in their hearings, with 12% demonstrating no knowledge of the decisions rendered. Parents at particular risk for low understanding included fathers, those who were new to the system, those with no prior dependency contact as children, and those from low educational and minority backgrounds. Practical implications and recommendations for family dependency policy, including the need for a standard assessment of parent understanding and programs to improve knowledge, are discussed.

Parents’ understanding of the juvenile dependency system.

The evidence base for risk assessment tools used in U.S. child protection investigations: A systematic scoping review.

Introducción. El maltrato a la infancia y la adolescencia es un problema a nivel mundial que tiene graves consecuencias que pueden durar toda la vida. La detección y evaluación eficaz del maltrato infantil se considera esencial para facilitar el proceso de toma de decisiones profesional. No obstante, en la actualidad, la descentralización de la atención, la falta de rigurosidad científica y objetiva en los diagnósticos y las evaluaciones parciales y fragmentadas pueden dificultar la adopción de medidas de protección efectivas. Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio es presentar el proceso de diseño de la herramienta DAP 360º, creada para colaborar en el juicio profesional para la evaluación y declaración de riesgo y/o desprotección en la infancia y adolescencia. Metodología. El diseño empleado corresponde al desarrollo de escalas e incluye tres pasos fundamentales: construcción de ítems, análisis teórico y evaluación psicométrica. Para ello, se han combinado técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas en la que han participado más de 300 profesionales y personas expertas que trabajan en servicios de atención a niños, niñas y adolescentes (NNA) de diferentes ámbitos de intervención en la Comunidad Valenciana (España). Resultados. DAP 360º se ha diseñado en formato rúbrica y estructurado en torno a dos secciones principales, 15 dimensiones y 97 indicadores de riesgo y protección. El desarrollo de esta herramienta permite establecer un diagnóstico completo de todas las áreas tanto de riesgo como también de protección de niños, niñas y adolescentes. Es un instrumento riguroso, consistente y fiable respecto a las situaciones de riesgo en la infancia y la adolescencia, identificando rangos de gravedad de la situación por la que atraviesa el NNA y unificando las diferentes áreas que evolucionan desde el riesgo a la desprotección del NNA, añadiendo, además, factores protectores para equilibrar las circunstancias de riesgo. DAP 360º articula, mediante una herramienta de software, la evaluación del riesgo y/o desprotección de la infancia y la adolescencia, la coordinación en tiempo real de profesionales e instituciones, el establecimiento de rangos de gravedad y la ponderación de factores protectores y de riesgo sobre el diagnóstico, y enlaza objetivos de intervención con áreas y servicios responsables de la misma. Conclusiones. La creación de instrumentos de evaluación válidos y fiables permite agilizar los procesos diagnósticos, invierte en la prevención, y garantiza la toma de decisiones respaldada en evidencias objetivas y coordinada entre diferentes profesionales, servicios y niveles de intervención. Asimismo, la detección y evaluación eficaz del riesgo y la desprotección en la infancia y la adolescencia permite sistematizar intervenciones, reevaluar casos y desarrollar actuaciones de éxito ajustadas a las necesidades del momento. La evaluación por diferentes profesionales en tiempo real es un factor determinante, ya que permite diseñar intervenciones de acuerdo con las potencialidades y déficits que se manifiestan. Esto tendrá implicaciones significativas para la calidad de vida y el bienestar de niños, niñas y adolescentes y sus familias.

Diseño e implementación de la herramienta DAP 360º para la evaluación del riesgo y desprotección en la infancia y adolescencia

This article presents data on the development of a child maltreatment actuarial risk inventory, The Cleveland Child Abuse Potential Scale (C-CAPS). The study consisted of three groups in a juvenile court setting: child custody cases without indication of maltreatment (N = 34), cases where maltreatment was indicated (N = 37), and a third middle ground group of cases referred to the court’s Diagnostic Clinic (N = 47). This third group of cases had not elevated to court involvement with a filing of child maltreatment. Study results provide compelling support for overall classification accuracy, with 100% specificity and 95% sensitivity and an overall hit rate of 98%, when only the maltreatment and non-maltreatment groups were compared. Adding the third group of possible maltreatment cases dropped the overall hit rate to 71%. The instrument was able to correctly classify 85% of Non-Maltreatment cases and 76% of Maltreatment cases. The overall factor structure of the instrument is also reviewed.

Child Maltreatment Risk Inventory: Pilot Data for the Cleveland Child Abuse Potential Scale

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Child Maltreatment Risk Inventory: Pilot Data for the Cleveland Child Abuse Potential Scale