A review of separation technologies in current and future biorefineries

Bioconversion of forest products industry waste cellulosics to fuel ethanol: a review.

The biodegradation of surfactants in the environment

Multi-column distillation followed by molecular sieve adsorption is currently the standard method for producing fuel-grade ethanol from dilute fermentation broths in modern corn-to-ethanol facilities. As the liquid biofuels industry transitions to lignocellulosic feedstocks, expands the end-product portfolio to include other alcohols, and encounters more dilute alcohol concentrations, alternative separation technologies which are more energy efficient than the conventional approach will be in demand. In this review, alcohol recovery technology options and alcohol dehydration technology options for the production of ethanol and 1-butanol are reviewed and compared, with an emphasis on the energy footprint of each approach. Select hybrid technologies are also described. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Separation technologies for the recovery and dehydration of alcohols from fermentation broths

Constructed wetlands for treatment of industrial wastewaters: A review

Este volumen es una continuacion del libro Fundamentos de inteligencia artificial. Los contenidos del libro se estructuran en cuatro bloques: Lenguaje natural, Vision artificial, Logica difusa y Aprendizaje. En cada bloque se revisan los conceptos teoricos mas relevantes en cada campo y las tecnicas o algoritmos mas conocidos. Cada capitulo incorpora una serie de ejercicios orientados a consolidar los conocimientos teoricos que se han expuesto.

Técnicas de inteligencia artificial

Commentaire sur le stripping, sur les coefficients de distribution determines experimentalement et d'autres parametres concernant l'extraction liquide liquide. Reponse a ce commentaire

Comments on "Solvent extraction and recovery of ethanol from aqueous solutions"

Liquid−liquid and liquid−solid equilibrium data of the ternary system water + LiCl + 2-methyl-2-propanol (tert-butanol) have been determined experimentally at 25 °C and 40 °C. The system presents a marked salting out effect since a small amount of LiCl can split the completely miscible water + 2-methyl-2-propanol system into two liquid phases in equilibrium. However, when more salt is added, the solubility curve of water in the organic solvent presents an unusual S shape.

Unusual S-Shaped Binodal Curves of the System Water + Lithium Chloride + 2-Methyl-2-propanol

A 72-year-old man with a previous history of renal transplantation for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and secondary sclerosing cholangitis caused by recurrent bile duct injury with hepatolithiasis was admitted with a new episode of cholangitis, with a gallstone, but no signs of septic shock. Additionally, he had undergone cholecystectomy and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy 2 years previously. During the current hospital admission, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography showed multiple strictures along the right and left intrahepatic ducts, with a gallstone in the left duct. Percutaneous radiological management failed because of an impassable stenosis. Thereafter, endoscopic duodenojejunostomy with a lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS; Hot-AXIOS; Boston Scientific Co., Marlborough, Massachusetts, USA) was performed to facilitate access to the afferent limb and complete an evaluation of the left intrahepatic duct. A gastroscope was introduced into the hepaticojejunostomy through the LAMS (▶Video 1). A calculus within segment III of the liver was observed and fragmented using electrohydraulic lithotripsy (▶Fig. 1 and ▶Fig. 2 a). Additionally, the endoscopy revealed submucosal blebs in the left intrahepatic bile duct (▶Fig. 2b, c; ▶Video 1), resulting in benign bile duct strictures. Some of the blebs were punctured with a sclerotherapy needle to confirm the presence of gas in the hepatic duct walls (▶Fig. 2 d). The appearance of the gas-filled blebs was consistent with biliary pneumatosis. The patient was discharged home on day 3 after his endoscopy. This novel finding had not been observed on other previous imaging tests and persisted in the following endoscopic examinations. No additional signs of pneumatosis intestinalis were seen. Given the mechanisms of pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis, either mechanical damage due to previous radiological interventions or a bacterial etiology in the setting of multiple episodes of cholangitis could explain the submucosal bleb formation [1–3]. Finally, considering the evolution of advanced endoscopy for biliary access and endoscopic exploration of the biliary ducts, this could be the first description of many other cases.

/pdf/biliary-pneumatosis-a-new-finding-in-a-patient-with-2seqcohag7.pdf

Biliary pneumatosis: a new finding in a patient with cholangitis.

The proposal relates to a complete system of long-range, high-density visual markers (marker design and detection method). In the design, a conventional location system for the long-range markers is used. The proposal therefore focuses on a system for coding information, which in this case is a colour-based code having four states, duplicating the density of the code with respect to conventional black-and-white systems. Moreover, the detection method requires very few computational resources, making same very efficient and especially suitable for mobile devices. To a great extent, the success of the technique lies in the methods proposed for the treatment of the colour.

Method for detecting and recognising long-range high-density visual markers

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