Generation and manipulation of skyrmions and other topological spin structures with rare metals

We provide strong evidence of the spin-nematic state in a paradigmatic ferro-antiferromagnetic ${J}_{1}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{J}_{2}$ model using analytical and density-matrix renormalization group methods. In zero field, the attraction of spin-flip pairs leads to a first-order transition and no nematic state, while pair repulsion at larger ${J}_{2}$ stabilizes the nematic phase in a narrow region near the pair-condensation field. A devil's staircase of multipair condensates is conjectured for weak pair attraction. A suppression of the spin-flip gap by many-body effects leads to an order-of-magnitude contraction of the nematic phase compared to na\"{\i}ve expectations. The proposed phase diagram should be broadly valid. 

Where is the Quantum Spin Nematic?

We study the effects of quantum fluctuations on the magnetic properties of quantum frustrated ferromagnets in a magnetic field. It is shown that a nonclassical phase or a phase separation appears due to quantum fluctuations below the saturation field in a parameter range close to the classical zero-field phase boundary between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases, for the case that the classical antiferromagnetic state is not an eigenstate of the quantum model. As an example to which this argument is applicable, we study the $S=1/2$ ${J}_{1}$-${J}_{2}$ Heisenberg model with ferromagnetic ${J}_{1}$ (${J}_{1}l0$) on the bcc lattice using a dilute Bose gas approach. For $\ensuremath{-}1.50097\ensuremath{\le}{J}_{1}/{J}_{2}\ensuremath{\le}\ensuremath{-}1.389$, magnons form $f$-wave two-magnon bound states, leading to a spin nematic phase, and for $\ensuremath{-}1.389\ensuremath{\le}{J}_{1}/{J}_{2}\ensuremath{\le}\ensuremath{-}0.48$, a canted coplanar antiferromagnetic phase appears accompanied with a phase separation below the saturation field.

/pdf/nematic-phase-and-phase-separation-near-saturation-field-in-5b9owc2c60.pdf

Nematic phase and phase separation near saturation field in frustrated ferromagnets

Magnetization, magnetic torque, neutron diffraction and NMR experiments are used to map out the $H\ensuremath{-}T$ phase diagram of the prototypical quasi-two-dimensional ferro-antiferromagnet ${\mathrm{Pb}}_{2}\mathrm{VO}{({\mathrm{PO}}_{4})}_{2}$ in magnetic fields up to 27 T. When the field is applied perpendicularly to the axis of magnetic anisotropy, a new magnetic state emerges through a discontinuous transition and persists in a narrow field range just below saturation. The measured NMR spectra suggest a complex and possibly incommensurate magnetic order in that regime.

Presaturation phase in the frustrated ferro-antiferromagnet Pb 2 VO (PO 4 )2

No material perfectly realizes the frustrated quantum ferro-antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model on a square lattice, but BaCdVO(PO${}_{4}$)${}_{2}$ comes close. Here, the authors perform neutron spectroscopy measurements in high magnetic fields to determine an appropriate spin Hamiltonian for this system. They overcome numerous technical difficulties, such as the required ${}^{114}$Cd enrichment for neutron experiments and the complex sample mosaic. The results will help understand the previously discovered presaturation phase in this compound. Could it be the elusive spin nematic state?

Inelastic neutron scattering determination of the spin Hamiltonian for BaCdVO ( PO 4 ) 2

Single crystal neutron diffraction, inelastic neutron scattering, and electron spin resonance experiments are used to study the magnetic structure and spin waves in ${\mathrm{Pb}}_{2}\mathrm{VO}{({\mathrm{PO}}_{4})}_{2}$, a prototypical layered $S=1/2$ ferromagnet with frustrating next-nearest neighbor antiferromagnetic interactions. The observed excitation spectrum is found to be inconsistent with a simple square lattice model previously proposed for this material. At least four distinct exchange coupling constants are required to reproduce the measured spin wave dispersion. The degree of magnetic frustration is correspondingly revised and found to be substantially smaller than in all previous estimates.

/pdf/magnetic-structure-and-spin-waves-in-the-frustrated-ferro-5drujy8bxr.pdf

Magnetic structure and spin waves in the frustrated ferro-antiferromagnet Pb 2 VO ( PO 4 ) 2

Single crystals of the frustrated S=1/2 ferro-antiferromagnetic proximate square lattice material SrZnZnVO(PO$_4$)$_2$ are studied in magnetometric, calorimetric, neutron diffraction and inelastic neutron scattering experiments. The measured spin wave spectrum reveals a substantial degree of magnetic frustration and a large quantum renormalization of the exchange constants. The H-T magnetic phase diagram is established. It features a novel pre-saturation phase, which appears for only one particular field orientation. The results are discussed noting the similarities and differences with the previously studied and similarly structured Pb$_2$VO(PO$_4$)$_2$ compound.

Phase diagram and spin waves in the frustrated ferro-antiferromagnet SrZnVO(PO4)2

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Magnetic structure and spin waves in the frustrated ferro-antiferromagnet Pb 2 VO ( PO 4 ) 2

Presaturation phase in the frustrated ferro-antiferromagnet Pb 2 VO (PO 4 )2

Phase diagram and spin waves in the frustrated ferro-antiferromagnet SrZnVO(PO4)2