Free radicals are produced continuously in normal cell metabolism and in various pathological events. When in excess, they may cause oxidation of biologic molecules. As a protection mechanism, the body has a complex system of antioxidant defense. The imbalance between oxidative challenge and antioxidant defense capacity is called oxidative stress. Erythrocytes play vital functions in the body which can be compromised due to oxidative stress. Red blood cells become vulnerable to oxidative injury due to their constitution. Membrane unsaturated lipids are highly susceptible to oxidation, and the presence of oxygen and iron enhances free radicals formation. Furthermore, red blood cells are unable to synthesize new lipids and proteins to replace those that have been oxidized. Therefore, the maintenance of antioxidant mechanisms, such as vitamins E and C, and enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione system, and metahemoglobin reductase is important to prevent and repair damages. This paper reviews information about the mechanisms of erythrocyte oxidative damage and antioxidant defense system, aiming to help veterinary professionals in diagnosis and treatment of erythrocyte oxidative stress related diseases.

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Lesão oxidativa eritrocitária e mecanismos antioxidantes de interesse na Medicina Veterinária

Os radicais livres sao formados constantemente no metabolismo celular normal e em varios eventos patologicos. Quando em excesso, eles podem causar a oxidacao de moleculas biologicas. Como mecanismo de defesa, o organismo possui um complexo sistema de protecao antioxidante. O desequilibrio entre o desafio oxidativo e a capacidade de defesa antioxidante denomina-se estresse oxidativo. Os eritrocitos desempenham funcoes vitais ao organismo que podem ser comprometidas devido ao estresse oxidativo. Por sua constituicao, os eritrocitos tornamse vulneraveis a lesao oxidativa. Os lipidios insaturados da membrana sao altamente susceptiveis a oxidacao e a presenca do oxigenio e do ferro, propiciando a formacao de radicais livres. Alem disso, sao celulas incapazes de sintetizar novos lipidios e proteinas para substituir os que foram oxidados. Desta forma, a manutencao dos mecanismos antioxidantes como as vitaminas E e C, enzimas superoxido dismutase e catalase, sistema glutationa e metahemoglobina redutase e importante para evitar e reparar as lesoes. Este trabalho revisa informacoes sobre os mecanismos da lesao oxidativa e do sistema de defesa antioxidante eritrocitarios, com o intuito de auxiliar os profissionais de medicina veterinaria no diagnostico e tratamento de doencas relacionadas ao estresse oxidativo eritrocitario.

/pdf/lesao-oxidativa-eritrocitaria-e-mecanismos-antioxidantes-de-56bx8lzev1.pdf

Lesão oxidativa eritrocitária e mecanismos antioxidantes de interesse na Medicina Veterinária Erythrocyte oxidative damage and antioxidant mechanisms in Veterinary Medicine

The erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate desydrogenase activity, hemogram and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were evaluated in 25 equines. Two animais were positive for G6Pd deficiency and two animais were suspected of having this kind of deficiency. The conclusion is that, clinically or by routine laboratory test, it is not possible to suspect from this kind of enzyme deficiency.

Avaliação da deficiência eritrocitária da glicose-6-fosfato desidrogenase e valores hematológicos de eqüinos de salto Evaluation of the glucose-6-phosphate desydrogenase deficiency and hematologic values of the jumping horses

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Avaliação da deficiência eritrocitária da glicose-6-fosfato desidrogenase e valores hematológicos de eqüinos de salto Evaluation of the glucose-6-phosphate desydrogenase deficiency and hematologic values of the jumping horses