The sustainability of petroleum-based fuel supply has gained broad attention from the global community due to the increase of usage in various sectors, depletion of petroleum resources, and uncertain around crude oil market prices. Additionally, environmental problems have also arisen from the increasing emissions of harmful pollutants and greenhouse gases. Therefore, the use of clean energy sources including biodiesel is crucial. Biodiesel is mainly produced from unlimited natural resources through a transesterification process. It presents various advantages over petro-diesel; for instance, it is non-toxic, biodegradable, and contains less air pollutant per net energy produced with low sulphur and aromatic content, apart from being safe. Considering the importance of this topic, this paper focuses on the use of palm oil, its by-products, and mill effluent for biodiesel production. Palm oil is known as an excellent raw material because biodiesel has similar properties to the regular petro-diesel. Due to the debate on the usage of palm oil as food versus fuel, extensive studies have been conducted to utilise its by-products and mill effluent as raw materials. This paper also discusses the properties of biodiesel, the difference between palm-biodiesel and other biodiesel sources, and the feasibility of using palm oil as a primary source for future alternative and sustainable energy sources.

/pdf/biodiesel-production-from-palm-oil-its-by-products-and-mill-1hsqow9wpa.pdf

Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil, Its By-Products, and Mill Effluent: A Review

Increasing in oil consumption and ridiculous prices has caused the urgency for the main global oil industry players to search new alternative fuels which is biofuels Biodiesel is better option to replace the crude oil due to its similar characteristics and sustainable This paper will review the biodiesel produced and implementation from palm oil in Malaysia and current engine research that related to palm oil Precedency given to the palm oil as it is main raw stock for biodiesel produced in Malaysia Among scopes of this paper are to discuss current issues related to the palm biodiesel production and specific use in diesel engines Another issue that arisen for Malaysia is to promote the palm oil as the alternative fuel that meets the stringent regulations and standards in Europe and North America This paper also briefly covers the continuous global biodiesel consumption trend including the constraints that faced by Malaysia for leading the global biodiesel market with the benefits and drawbacks of palm oil biodiesel as an alternate fuel compared to the other common biodiesel sources

Potentials of palm oil as new feedstock oil for a global alternative fuel: A review

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Methoxy-functionalized mesostructured stable carbon catalysts for effective biodiesel production from non-edible feedstock

Effects of light intensity and nutrients on the lipid content of marine microalga (diatom) Amphiprora sp. for promising biodiesel production.

Characterization of methyl ester compound of biodiesel from industrial liquid waste of crude palm oil processing

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Characterization of methyl ester compound of biodiesel from industrial liquid waste of crude palm oil processing