Soil water systems have been severely degraded in coal-mined and subsiding land, where a shallow groundwater table is also present The present paper discussed the effects of fly ash (FA) and coal gangue (CG) as filling materials on the hydraulic properties and water content distribution in a profile for the purpose of rehabilitating subsided lands The saturated water content, water characteristic curve, and water diffusivity of local soil, FA, CG, and a mixture of FA and CG (“mixed filling”) were characterized A column experiment was conducted to investigate the changes of water content in profiles reconstructed from the combination of soil and filling materials, including soil only, FA, CG, and a mixture of FA and CG, which were used to fill the lower part of the reconstructed profile The mixture of FA and CG was found to possess similar hydraulic properties to those of the soil, particularly high water-holding capacity and permeability Moreover, the volumetric water contents in the whole profile containing the mixture of FA and CG were consistent with those of the profile reconstructed with soil only As a result, it is recommended to adopt the mixture of FA and CG for reconstructing the lower profile of the land to alleviate or rehabilitate subsided land in coal mines

The effects of coal gangue and fly ash on the hydraulic properties and water content distribution in reconstructed soil profiles of coal‐mined land with a high groundwater table

Modeling Present and Future Flows in a Tailings Pile at the Former Le Cellier Uranium Mine (France)

Modeling present and future flows in a tailings pile at the former Le Cellier uranium mine (France)

The role of sedimentary heterogeneity in reactive transport processes is becoming increasingly important as closed open-pit lignite mines are converted into post-mining lakes or pumped hydropower storage reservoirs. Flooding of the open pits introduces constant oxygen-rich inflows that reactivate pyrite oxidation within internal mine dumps. A reactive transport model coupling groundwater flow, advection–diffusion–dispersion, and geochemical reactions was applied to a 2D cross-section of a water-saturated mine dump to determine the processes governing pyrite oxidation. Spatially correlated fields representing permeability and pyrite distributions were generated via exponential covariance models reflecting the end-dumping depositional architecture, supported by a suite of scenarios with systematically varied correlation lengths and variances. Simulation results covering a time span of 100 years quantify the impact of heterogeneous permeability fields that result in preferential flow paths, which advance tracer breakthrough by ~15 % and increase the cumulative solute outflux up to 139 % relative to the homogeneous baseline. Low initial pyrite concentrations (0.05 wt %) allow for deeper oxygen penetration, extending oxidation fronts over the complete length of the modeling domain. Here, high initial pyrite concentrations (0.5 wt %) confine reactions close to the inlet. Kinetic oxidation allows for more precise simulation of redox dynamics, while equilibrium assumptions substantially reduce the computational time (&gt;10×), but may oversimplify the redox system. We conclude that reliable risk assessments for post-mining redevelopment should not simplify numerical models by assuming average homogeneous porosity and mineral distributions, but have to incorporate site-specific spatial heterogeneity, as it critically controls acid generation, sulfate mobilization, and the timing of contaminant release. 

Effects of Permeability and Pyrite Distribution Heterogeneity on Pyrite Oxidation in Flooded Lignite Mine Dumps

Lignitic mine soils represent a dual-porosity medium consisting of a technogenic mixture of overburden sediments that include porous fragments embedded within a mostly coarse-textured matrix. Flow and transport process in such soils are not sufficiently understood. The objective of this study was to identify the most appropriate conceptual model for describing small-scale heterogeneity effects on flow based on the physical structure of the system. HYDRUS-1D was used to simulate water flow under field conditions. We compared a dual-porosity (mobile–immobile) model simulation of the field soil water with field monitoring results. The predicted and observed water content were in good agreement. Since the heterogeneity of the lignitic mine soil may lead to preferential flow, Coomassie brilliant blue dyes were applied to the reclaimed surface, revealing preferred flow paths through macro-pores surrounding the numerous, large rock fragments.

/pdf/modeling-of-water-flow-in-reclaimed-mine-spoil-with-embedded-33gmn9ajt2.pdf

Modeling of Water Flow in Reclaimed Mine Spoil with Embedded Lignitic Fragments Using Hydrus-1D

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Modeling of Water Flow in Reclaimed Mine Spoil with Embedded Lignitic Fragments Using Hydrus-1D