The number of different technologies available for colored wastewater treatment shows the vastness of the issue. Finding the most feasible one, yet taking into account the cost, the efficiency and eco-friendliness is like searching needle in a haystack. Here, we have taken the eco-friendliness to a level above, using one bio-waste material for treatment of another waste. Potato peel and soybean hull are agroindustrial waste that is at the same time abundant source of potent enzymes such as peroxidases that can be used in oxidation reactions. In this study, the anthraquinone dye Acid Violet 109 is used as a model for simulation of colored wastewater and for oxidation by peroxidase from two bio-waste sources: potato peel and soybean hull. The operational conditions were optimized and a kinetic study was performed in order to obtain detailed information about the behavior of the enzymes when faced with extreme substrate concentration. Under the optimal conditions, 72.78 ± 3.13% and 66.12 ± 2.51% biodegradation was achieved with potato peel peroxidase, and soybean hull, respectively. As most of the industrial wastewater treatments require higher temperatures, both soybean hull and potato peel peroxidase were subjected to and proved to be able to operate at significantly higher temperatures up to 70°C.

Agricultural waste as a source of peroxidase for wastewater treatment: Insight in kinetics and process parameters optimization for anthraquinone dye removal

Enzymatic treatment for removal of hazardous aqueous arylamines, 4,4′-methylenedianiline and 4,4′-thiodianiline

Representative azo dyes (Acid Blue 113 [AB113] and Direct Black 38 [DB38]) were treated in a single step with soybean peroxidase (SBP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), or in two steps, zero-valent iron (Fe°) pretreatment followed SBP/H2O2. The purpose of this research was to compare both treatment processes and to determine which one was the optimal for degradation of each azo dye. For AB113, the preferred process was the single-step process, 1.0 mM AB113 required 2.5 mM H2O2, 1.5 U/mL SBP at pH 4.0 for ≥ 95% color and dye removal and 30% total organic carbon (TOC) removal. For DB38, due to the products formed after Fe° reduction, which are enzyme substrates (aniline and benzidine; two of four products) a two-step process was preferred, which allowed reduction in the required SBP and H2O2 concentrations by 5- and 2-fold, respectively, compared to a single-step treatment for ≥ 95% color, dye, and aniline/benzidine removal and 88% TOC removal.

Soybean Peroxidase-Catalyzed Treatment of Azo Dyes with or without Fe° Pretreatment.

Background. Some industrial manufacturing processes generate and release dyes as water pollutants, many of which are toxic and hazardous materials. There is a need for milder, greener methods for d...

Soybean Peroxidase Catalyzed Decoloration of Acid Azo Dyes.

Water contamination by refractory and persistent organic aromatic compounds such as poly-substituted mono-cyclic, 4-chloro-o-toluidine and bis-anilino compound, 4,4′-methylenebis-(2-chlororaniline), is an emerging environmental concern and the compounds are considered priority pollutants by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Thus, there is a search for new, efficient and eco-friendly treatment methods for converting and eliminating these pollutants at the point of release. The crude form of soybean seedcoat peroxidase, was able to catalyze the oxidation of these pollutants by generating reactive radicals which couple to form insoluble products. The reaction parameters, pH, hydrogen-peroxide-to- substrate molar ratio and minimum effective enzyme concentration were optimized to achieve ≥95 % removal of these substrates in a 3-h reaction time. The pH optima for 4-chloro-o-toluidine and 4,4′-methylenebis (2-chlororaniline) were 4.4 and 4.2, respectively. Consumption of H2O2 of both substrates was near the theoretical stoichiometric value (i.e. H2O2/substrate ≤ 1.0). For 95 % removal of 1.0 mM 4-COT and 0.1 mM MOCA, 0.009 and 0.10 U/mL of enzyme were required, respectively. The enzyme kinetic mechanism based on the Michaelis-Menten model was determined for a group of aromatic amines, p-cresidine, 4,4′-oxydianiline, 4-chloro-o-toluidine and 4,4′-methylenebis-(2-chlororaniline). The lowest KM was for 4,4′-methylenebis (2-chlororaniline), 1.70 ± 0.14 μM, indicating highest affinity for the enzyme compared to other amines studied. In addition, product analysis by mass spectrometry revealed presence of “oxidative oligomers” and “oxidized oxidative oligomers” (azo compounds) after the enzymatic treatment. A pro-forma cost estimation emphasized the feasibility of commercialization of the enzymatic treatment, showing it to be 5–8 times lower than conventional methods.

Soybean peroxidase-catalyzed oligomerization of arylamines in water: optimization, kinetics, products and cost

Crude soybean peroxidase (SBP), isolated from soybean seed coats (hulls) at unusually low concentrations, catalyses the oxidative polymerisation of hazardous aqueous benzidine and its 3,3′-dichloro, 3,3′-dimethyl and 3,3′-dimethoxy derivatives in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The optimum operating conditions for oxidation of 0·10 mM benzidine were investigated. At pH 5, the hydrogen peroxide-to-substrate concentration ratio was 1·5 and the minimum SBP concentration required to achieve at least 95% conversion of the benzidine in synthetic wastewater was 0·43 mU/ml. Progress curves were established for the conversion of the four substrates, and apparent first-order rate constants were derived. Enzyme-catalysed polymerisation with SBP and subsequent removal of the polymeric products generated can provide an alternative means to conventional methods for treating many aromatic wastewater pollutants, including the benzidines studied here.

Soybean peroxidase-catalysed removal of benzidines from water

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Soybean peroxidase-catalysed removal of benzidines from water