Rationale: Oxidative stress, resulting from excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), plays an important role in the initiation and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, developing novel strategies to target the disease location and treat inflammation is urgently needed. Methods: Herein, we designed and developed a novel and effective antioxidant orally-administered nanoplatform based on simulated gastric fluid (SGF)-stabilized titanium carbide MXene nanosheets (Ti3C2 NSs) with excellent biosafety and multiple ROS-scavenging abilities for IBD therapy. Results: This broad-spectrum and efficient ROS scavenging performance was mainly relied on the strong reducibility of Ti-C bound. Intracellular ROS levels confirmed that Ti3C2 NSs could efficiently eliminate excess ROS against oxidative stress-induced cell damage. Following oral administration, negatively-charged Ti3C2 NSs specifically adsorbed onto the positively-charged inflamed colon tissue via electrostatic interaction, leading to efficient therapy of dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS)-induced colitis. The therapeutic mechanism mainly attributed to decreased ROS levels and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, and increased M2-phenotype macrophage infiltration and anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion, efficiently inhibiting inflammation and alleviating colitis symptoms. Due to their excellent ROS-scavenging performance, Ti3C2-based woundplast also promoted skin wound healing and functional vessel formation. Conclusions: Our study introduces redox-mediated antioxidant MXene nanoplatform as a novel type of orally administered nanoagents for treating IBD and other inflammatory diseases of the digestive tract.

Orally administered titanium carbide nanosheets as anti-inflammatory therapy for colitis

DNA-based nanoprobes have attracted extensive interest in the field of bioanalysis. Notably, engineered DNA nanoprobes that can respond to multiple pathological parameters are desirable to detect targets precisely. Here we design a split aptamer/DNAzyme (aptazyme)-based DNA probe for fluorescence detection of ATP and further develop a cooperatively activatable DNA nanoprobe for tumor-specific imaging of ATP in vivo. The DNA nanoprobes comprising split aptazyme-coated MnO2 nanovectors have high stability and are synergistically activated by multiple biomarkers, GSH and ATP. Upon stimuli by overexpressed GSH in tumor cells, this DNA nanoprobe can release the aptazyme and self-supply cofactor Mn2+ of the DNAzyme. Sequentially, intracellular ATP induces the proper folding of the split ATP aptamer and Mn2+-dependent DNAzyme, which activates the specific cleavage of substrate and generates the optical readout signal. This nanoprobe exhibits remarkable resistance to enzymatic degradation, satisfactory biosafety, identifies ATP specifically within cancer cells, and selectively lights up solid tumors. Our research provides a reliable method for ATP imaging in cancer cells and opens a new avenue for biochemical research and highly accurate disease diagnosis.

A Cooperatively Activatable DNA Nanoprobe for Cancer Cell-Selective Imaging of ATP

Chronic abdominal pain is a common symptom of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Peripheral and central mechanisms contribute to the transition from acute to chronic pain during active disease and clinical remission. Lower mechanical threshold and hyperexcitability of visceral afferents induce gliosis in central pain circuits, leading to persistent visceral hypersensitivity (VHS). In the spinal cord, microglia, the immune sentinels of the central nervous system, undergo activation in multiple models of VHS. Here, we investigated the mechanisms of microglia activation to identify centrally acting analgesics for chronic IBD pain.Using Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADD) expressed in transient receptor potential vanilloid member 1-expressing visceral neurons that sense colonic inflammation, we tested whether neuronal activity was indispensable to control microglia activation and VHS. We then investigated the neuron-microglia signaling system involved in visceral pain chronification.We found that chemogenetic inhibition of transient receptor potential vanilloid member 1+ visceral afferents prevents microglial activation in the spinal cord and subsequent VHS in colitis mice. In contrast, chemogenetic activation, in the absence of colitis, enhanced microglial activation associated with VHS. We identified a purinergic signaling mechanism mediated by neuronal adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and microglial P2Y12 receptor, triggering VHS in colitis. Inhibition of P2RY12 prevented microglial reactivity and chronic VHS post-colitis.Overall, these data provide novel insights into the central mechanisms of chronic visceral pain and suggest that targeting microglial P2RY12 signaling could be harnessed to relieve pain in patients with IBD who are in remission. 

Gut-innervating TRPV1+ Neurons Drive Chronic Visceral Pain via Microglial P2Y12 Receptor

Fluorescence, ultrasonic and photoacoustic imaging for analysis and diagnosis of diseases.

Aptamer based probes for living cell intracellular molecules detection.

Ex vivo and in vivo detection and imaging of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is critically important for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, which still remains challenges up to present. We herein demonstrate that ATP could be fluorescently detected and imaged ex vivo and in vivo. In particular, we fabricate a kind of fluorescent ATP probes, which are made of titanium carbide (TC) nanosheets modified with the ROX-tagged ATP-aptamer (TC/Apt). In the constructed TC/Apt, TC shows superior quenching efficiency against ROX (e.g., ~ 97%). While in the presence of ATP, ROX-tagged aptamer is released from TC surface, leading to the recovery of fluorescence of ROX under the 545-nm excitation. Consequently, a wide dynamic range from 1 μM to 1.5 mM ATP and a high sensitivity with a limit of detection (LOD) down to 0.2 μM ATP can be readily achieved by the prepared TC/Apt. We further demonstrate that the as-prepared TC/Apt probe is feasible for accurate discrimination of ATP in different samples including living cells, body fluids (e.g., mouse serum, mouse urine and human serum) and mouse tumor models. Fluorescence detection and imaging of ATP could be readily achieved in living cells, body fluids (e.g., urine and serum), as well as mouse tumor model through a new kind of fluorescent ATP nanoprobes, offering new powerful tools for the treatment of diseases related to abnormal fluctuation of ATP concentration.

/pdf/ex-vivo-and-in-vivo-fluorescence-detection-and-imaging-of-3c9hbpni7m.pdf

Ex Vivo and In Vivo Fluorescence Detection and Imaging of Adenosine Triphosphate

Synthesis of programmable atom-like nanoparticles (PANs) with high valences and high yields remains a grand challenge. Here, a novel synthetic strategy of microfluidic galvanic displacement (μ-GD) coupled with microfluidic DNA nanoassembly is advanced for synthesis of single-stranded DNA encoder (SSE)-encoded PANs for reliable surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensing. Notably, PANs with high valences (e.g., n-valence, n = 12) are synthesized with high yields (e.g., >80%) owing to the effective control of interfacial reactions sequentially occurring in the microfluidic system. On the basis of this, we present the first demonstration of a PAN-based automatic analytical platform, in which sensor construction, sample loading and on-line monitoring are carried out in the microfluidic system, thus guaranteeing reliable quantitative measurement. In the proof-of-concept demonstration, accurate determination of tetracycline (TET) in serum and milk samples with a high recovery close to 100% and a low relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 5.0% is achieved by using this integrated analytical platform.

/pdf/microfluidic-synthesis-of-high-valence-programmable-atom-4pz5h7arb3.pdf

Microfluidic synthesis of high-valence programmable atom-like nanoparticles for reliable sensing.

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Fenglin Dong

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Ex Vivo and In Vivo Fluorescence Detection and Imaging of Adenosine Triphosphate

Microfluidic synthesis of high-valence programmable atom-like nanoparticles for reliable sensing.