Wearable sensors for noninvasive monitoring of physiological parameters is a growing technology in the clinical field. Especially in neonates, the development of portable and nonharmful monitoring ...

Pacifier Biosensor: Toward Noninvasive Saliva Biomarker Monitoring.

A review of wearable and unobtrusive sensing technologies for chronic disease management.

Using of wireless sensor networks in extreme and inaccessible environments usually has energy issues of some kind. The IEEE 802.15.4 is designed in general to fulfill this requirement of low data rate ad hoc networks, i.e., a low complex system with ultralow-power consumption. Similar to all IEEE standards, however, IEEE 802.15.4 comes with many flexible variables for optimized local solution such that its beacon-enabled duty cycle mode power management mechanism. Here, we propose a novel adaptive duty cycle algorithm making maximum use of network traffic for automatically adjusting the duty cycle for minimum energy. The system simulation results show superiority of the proposed algorithm for reducing the energy consumption and increasing the throughput for comparative techniques in the literature.

ADCA: Adaptive Duty Cycle Algorithm for Energy Efficient IEEE 802.15.4 Beacon-Enabled Wireless Sensor Networks

ZigBee, a unique communication standard designed for low-rate wireless personal area networks, has extremely low complexity, cost, and power consumption for wireless connectivity of inexpensive, portable, and moving devices. ZigBee uses the IEEE 802.15.4 standard as its communication protocol for medium access control (MAC) layer and physical (PHY) layer. The IEEE 802.15.4 MAC layer achieves duty-cycle operations by setting two system parameters, macBeaconOrder (BO) and macSuperFrameOrder (SO), to achieve low power consumption for ZigBee devices. This study comprehensively analyzes IEEE 802.15.4 duty-cycle operation. Specifically, a novel analytical model that accommodates a general traffic distribution is developed. An NS-2 based simulation model, which is validated by the developed analytical model is also proposed. Through the experiments conducted by the analytical and simulation models, some important performance-evaluation insights are gained that can be used as guidelines for future low-power ZigBee network deployment.

https://ir.nctu.edu.tw:443/bitstream/11536/6518/1/000271903500032.pdf

A comprehensive analysis of low-power operation for beacon-enabled IEEE 802.15.4 wireless networks

With densification of nodes in cellular networks, free space optic (FSO) connections are becoming an appealing low cost and high rate alternative to copper and fiber as the backhaul solution for wireless communication systems. To ensure a reliable cellular backhaul, provisions for redundant, disjoint paths between the nodes must be made in the design phase. This paper aims at finding a cost-effective solution to upgrade the cellular backhaul with pre-deployed optical fibers using FSO links and mirror components. Since the quality of the FSO links depends on several factors, such as transmission distance, power, and weather conditions, we adopt an elaborate formulation to calculate link reliability. We present a novel integer linear programming model to approach optimal FSO backhaul design, guaranteeing $K$-disjoint paths connecting each node pair. Next, we derive a column generation method to a path-oriented mathematical formulation. Applying the method in a sequential manner enables high computational scalability. We use realistic scenarios to demonstrate our approaches efficiently provide optimal or near-optimal solutions, and thereby allow for accurately dealing with the trade-off between cost and reliability.

pdf/optimization-of-free-space-optical-wireless-network-for-3hxkqt4ycu.pdf

Optimization of Free Space Optical Wireless Network for Cellular Backhauling

For infants admitted at neonatal intensive care unit, the continuous monitoring of health parameters is critical for their optimal treatment and outcomes. So it’s crucial to provide proper treatment, accurate and comfortable monitoring conditions for newborn infants. In this paper, we propose wearable sensor systems integrated with flexible material based non-invasive sensors for neonatal monitoring. The system aims at providing reliable vital signs monitoring as well as comfortable clinical environments for neonatal care. The system consists of a smart vest and a cloud platform. In the smart vest, a novel stretching sensor based on Polydimethylsiloxane-Graphene (PDMS-Graphene) compound is created to detect newborns’ respiration signal; textile-based dry electrodes are developed to measure Electrocardiograph (ECG) signals; inertial measurement units (IMUs) are embedded to obtain movement information including accelerated speed and angular velocity of newborn wrists. Experiments were conducted to systematically test the sensing related characteristics of the aforementioned flexible materials and the performance of the proposed multi-sensor platform. The results show that the proposed system can achieve high quality signals. The wearable sensor platform is promising for continuous long term monitoring of neonates. The multi-modal physiological and behavioral signals measured by the platform can be further processed for clinical decision support on the neonatal health status.

/pdf/design-of-an-integrated-wearable-multi-sensor-platform-based-398jewkkh4.pdf

Design of an Integrated Wearable Multi-Sensor Platform Based on Flexible Materials for Neonatal Monitoring

A novel wearable sensor system for seizure monitoring of neonates comprised of smart clothing, video recording and cloud platform is presented. Textile electrodes and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) are embedded in the smart clothing to obtain ECG signal and motion signal whereby epileptic seizure detection algorithm is performed. Moreover, a video monitoring module provides real-time information about patients. The cloud platform receives the pre-processed data and enables remote monitoring, centralized signal processing and data management. Comparison with commercial instruments shows that the smart clothing is capable of acquiring high-quality signals. Pilot tests under disinfection operations at Children's Hospital of Fudan University confirm clinical feasibility of the proposed system. The scalability and modularity of the unobtrusive wearable front end and the design of system architecture based on cloud enable the whole system with great potential in clinical practice and home monitoring scenarios.

A wearable sensor system for neonatal seizure monitoring

A new analytical model for the IEEE 802.15.4 CSMA-CA protocol

Building automation systems (BAS) are typically used to monitor and control heating, ventila-tion, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, manage building facilities (e.g., lighting, safety, and security), and automate meter reading. In recent years, the technology of wireless sensor network (WSN) has been at-tracting extensive research and development efforts to replace the traditional wired solutions for BAS. Key challenges of integrating WSN to a BAS include characterizing the radio features of BAS environments, and fulfilling the requirements of the extremely low energy consumption. In this survey paper, we first describe the radio characteristics of indoor environments, and then introduce the important medium access control (MAC) protocols developed for WSN which can be potentially used in BAS systems.

/pdf/building-automation-systems-using-wireless-sensor-networks-4vgu54akbh.pdf

Building Automation Systems Using Wireless Sensor Networks: Radio Characteristics and Energy Efficient Communication Protocols

This paper optimally determines the IEEE 802.15.4 medium access control (MAC) attributes macBeaconOrder (BO) and macSuperframeOrder (SO) (by which the periods of time that the sensor is active and non-active can be computed) such that the overall energy consumption of the network is minimized. Considering an IEEE 802.15.4 beacon-enabled network laid out in a single-hop star topology, we evaluated the performance of the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC through simulation. Numerical results show that the optimal solutions of BO and SO can be obtained for a range of user-specific quality of service requirements, such as proportion of successful packet transmissions and maximum delay constraint.

Optimizing the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC

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