In this paper, we define and explore proofs of retrievability (PORs). A POR scheme enables an archive or back-up service (prover) to produce a concise proof that a user (verifier) can retrieve a target file F, that is, that the archive retains and reliably transmits file data sufficient for the user to recover F in its entirety.A POR may be viewed as a kind of cryptographic proof of knowledge (POK), but one specially designed to handle a large file (or bitstring) F. We explore POR protocols here in which the communication costs, number of memory accesses for the prover, and storage requirements of the user (verifier) are small parameters essentially independent of the length of F. In addition to proposing new, practical POR constructions, we explore implementation considerations and optimizations that bear on previously explored, related schemes.In a POR, unlike a POK, neither the prover nor the verifier need actually have knowledge of F. PORs give rise to a new and unusual security definition whose formulation is another contribution of our work.We view PORs as an important tool for semi-trusted online archives. Existing cryptographic techniques help users ensure the privacy and integrity of files they retrieve. It is also natural, however, for users to want to verify that archives do not delete or modify files prior to retrieval. The goal of a POR is to accomplish these checks without users having to download the files themselves. A POR can also provide quality-of-service guarantees, i.e., show that a file is retrievable within a certain time bound.

PORs: Proofs of Retrievability for Large Files

Cloud computing is one of the significant development that utilizes progressive computational power and upgrades data distribution and data storing facilities. With cloud information services, it is essential for information to be saved in the cloud and also distributed across numerous customers. Cloud information repository is involved with issues of information integrity, data security and information access by unapproved users. Hence, an autonomous reviewing and auditing facility is necessary to guarantee that the information is effectively accommodated and used in the cloud. In this paper, a comprehensive survey on the state-of-art techniques in data auditing and security are discussed. Challenging problems in information repository auditing and security are presented. Finally, directions for future research in data auditing and security have been discussed.

https://www.ijcjournal.org/index.php/InternationalJournalOfComputer/article/download/1002/476

Data Auditing and Security in Cloud Computing: Issues, Challenges and Future Directions

A low coefficient of performance (COP) limits the development of thermoelectric (TE) systems in buildings. However, considering their good integration with solar systems and budling structures, there is good application potential for TE systems in buildings. In many previous works, control systems indeed help TE systems to improve their performance. Therefore, the objective of this work is to analyze and summarize key factors in the control process and control methods for designing and optimizing the control systems for TE systems in buildings. This work reviews relevant publications from 2000 to 2022 on control applications of TE systems in different fields and groups them into key factors and control methods. The analysis of the key factors indicates the power strength of Peltier cells, the number of working Peltier cells, the temperature difference between the cold and hot sides, and the temperature difference between the object side and the indoor space as significant factors. Additionally, the most relevant control methods for the operating voltage or current are also classified. It is crucial to appropriately adjust these key factors using suitable control methods to achieve improved COP. Regarding the control application of TE systems in buildings, this is an issue that has not been studied with specific attention. Therefore, the analysis of key factors and control methods is meaningful for control systems to improve the performance of TE systems in buildings, especially under dynamic operating conditions of the built environment. 

Thermoelectric system applications in buildings: A review of key factors and control methods

/pdf/method-for-modeling-dynamic-modes-of-nonlinear-control-d9bst554jx.pdf

Method for Modeling Dynamic Modes of Nonlinear Control Systems for Thermoelectric Modules

Many researchers and developers have high constraints on existing pervasive computing systems that result in hazardous confidentiality and security defiance. A new scientific knowledge and paradigm has been proposed called Opportunistic Networks (OppNets) for empowering incorporation of the varied dissemination, reckoning, distinguish, repository, additional amenity and expedient characteristics in the existing systems. It is an instance of Delay Torrent/Tolerant Networks (DTN) and an extension of Mobile Adhoc Networks (Manet). We outline an OppNets as a type of dispute network wherein intermittent connection, no acquaintance of network topology, dynamic route construction, high variable link performance, store – carry – forward fashion for message transmission, mobile nodes. Therefore, routing implementation is disparate from that in Manet and DTN. In this paper we discussed the several challenges in OppNets along with the implementation and comparison of existing routing protocols on the basis of innumerable performance metrics.

Opportunistic Network Routing Protocols: Challenges, Implementation and Evaluation

Thermoelectric Cooler (TEC) is widely applied in the field of temperature control. It has the advantages of non-pollution and high precision. A TEC temperature control system is designed in this paper. The simple mathematical model is established by theoretical analysis. The parameters of the mathematical model are identified by several improved PSO algorithms through the actual input and output values of the system. The incremental PID control parameters are designed on the basis of the mathematical model. Experiment results show that the mathematical model parameters of the system can be identified effectively by the PSO algorithms used in this paper. This method has high applicability due to it ignores the complex heat conduction process in the system. The incremental PID control system based on this model has less overshoot and good stability in practical application.

PSO Algorithm Based Thermoelectric Cooler Temperature Control System Design

Opportunistic networking-forwarding messages in a disconnected mobile ad hoc network via any encountered nodes offers a new mechanism for exploiting the mobile devices that many users already carry. However, forwarding messages in such a network is trapped by many particular challenges, and some protocols have contributed to solve them partly. In this paper, we propose a Context-Aware Adaptive opportunistic Routing algorithm (CAAR). The algorithm firstly predicts the approximate location and orientation of the destination node by using its movement key positions and historical communication records, and then calculates the best neighbor for the next hop by using location and velocity of neighbors. In the unpredictable cases, forwarding messages will be delivered to the more capable forwarding nodes or wait for another transmission while the capable node does not exist in the neighborhood. The proposed algorithm takes the movement pattern into consideration and can adapt different network topologies and movements. The experiment results show that the proposed routing algorithm outperforms the epidemic forwarding (EF) and the prophet forwarding (PF) in packet delivery ratio while ensuring low bandwidth overhead.

Context-aware adaptive routing for opportunistic network

Measurement and analysis of the basic physical properties for a thermoelectric module (TEM) is important to design a high-performance TEC (thermoelectric cooler) system. A thermal balance equation based method is proposed to determine the figure of merit, electrical resistance, and maximum temperature difference of a TEM. A STM32 based measuring device is designed and operated at the room-temperature. It is found that the maximum measuring relative error is about 3%. The design provides potential to manufacture a high repeatability and stability measuring device for TEM.

A device design method for measuring the basic physical properties of thermoelectric module

Storage auditing and client-side deduplication techniques have been proposed to assure data integrity and improve storage efficiency, respectively. Recently, a few schemes start to consider these two different aspects together. However, these schemes either only support plaintext data file or have been proved insecure. In this paper, we propose a public auditing scheme for cloud storage systems, in which deduplication of encrypted data and data integrity checking can be achieved within the same framework. The cloud server can correctly check the ownership for new owners and the auditor can correctly check the integrity of deduplicated data. Our scheme supports deduplication of encrypted data by using the method of proxy re-encryption and also achieves deduplication of data tags by aggregating the tags from different owners. The analysis and experiment results show that our scheme is provably secure and efficient.

Public auditing for encrypted data with client-side deduplication in cloud storage

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Papers

PSO Algorithm Based Thermoelectric Cooler Temperature Control System Design

Context-aware adaptive routing for opportunistic network

A device design method for measuring the basic physical properties of thermoelectric module

Public auditing for encrypted data with client-side deduplication in cloud storage