Nowadays, the increasing scarcity of fresh water and energy poses a growing threat to sustainable human development, attracting global attention. Solar-driven interfacial evaporation (SDIE) technology has emerged as significant solution to address these challenges by harnessing solar energy for fresh water generation. In the process of vapor generation in the SDIE system, there are various untapped sources of energy such as waste thermal, mechanical energy, enthalpy of steam, and chemical gradient energies, which can be converted into electricity through appropriate modules. Besides, splitting vapor to produce hydrogen exhibits lower Gibbs energy compared to that of liquid water. Additionally, the evaporation concentration achieved by SDIE is beneficial for pollutant degradation and seawater resource extraction. Therefore, the various coupling hybrid systems have been explored to expand the advantages and application areas of SDIE. This review presents an overview of the fundamental principle and the structural design of the SDIE system, while summarizing and discussing different coupling hybrid systems involving energy conversion, water purification, and seawater resource extraction were summarized and discussed. Finally, the challenges faced by the coupling SDIE systems along with future opportunities were highlighted. 

Recent advances in solar-driven interfacial evaporation coupling systems: Energy conversion, water purification, and seawater resource extraction

Photocatalytically-assisted oxidative adsorption of As(III) using sustainable multifunctional composite material - Cu2O doped anion exchanger.

Photocatalysts for solar energy conversion: Recent advances and environmental applications

Solar-Powered Photocatalysis in Water Purification: Applications and Commercialization Challenges

Phenol is a recalcitrant anthropogenic compound whose presence has been reported in both wastewater and drinking water; human exposure to phenolic substances can lead to health problems. The degradation of phenol (measured as COD decrease) through solar heterogeneous photocatalysis with immobilized TiO2 was performed in two different reactors: a flat-plate reactor (FPR) and a compound parabolic collector (CPC). A 23 full factorial experimental design was followed. The variables were the presence of TiO2, H2O2 addition, and the type of reactor. Data were fitted to the pseudo-first-order reaction-rate-kinetics model. The rate constant for photocatalytic phenol degradation with 1 mM of H2O2 was 6.6 × 10−3 min−1 for the FPR and 5.9 × 10−3 min−1 in the CPC. The calculated figures of merit were analyzed with a MANCOVA, with UV fluence as a covariate. An ANCOVA showed that the type of reactor, H2O2 addition, or fluence had no statistically significant effect on the results, but there was for the presence of TiO2. According to the MANCOVA, fluence and TiO2 presence were significant (p &lt; 0.05). The CPC was on average 17.4% more efficient than the FPR when it came to collector area per order (ACO) by heterogeneous photocatalysis and 1 mM H2O2 addition. 

/pdf/comparative-efficiencies-for-phenol-degradation-on-solar-1xs0v5ri.pdf

Comparative Efficiencies for Phenol Degradation on Solar Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Reactors: Flat Plate and Compound Parabolic Collector

The following work provides a perspective on the potential application of solar heterogeneous photocatalysis, which is a nonselective advanced oxidation process considered as a sustainable technology, to assist in arsenic removal from water, which is a global threat to human health. Heterogeneous photocatalysis can oxidize trivalent arsenic to pentavalent arsenic, decreasing its toxicity and easing its removal with other technologies, such as chemical precipitation and adsorption. Several lab-scale arsenic photocatalytic oxidation and diverse solar heterogeneous photocatalytic operations carried out in different reactor designs are analyzed. It was found out that this technology has not been translated to operational pilot plant scale prototypes. General research on reactors is scarce, comprising a small percentage of the photocatalysis related scientific literature. It was possible to elucidate some operational parameters that a reactor must comply to operate efficiently. Reports on small-scale application shed light that in areas where other water purification technologies are economically and/or technically not suitable, and the solar energy is available, shed light on the fact that solar heterogeneous photocatalysis is highly promissory within a water purification process for removal of arsenic from water.

Photocatalysis for arsenic removal from water: considerations for solar photocatalytic reactors.

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Photocatalysis for arsenic removal from water: considerations for solar photocatalytic reactors.