Objective To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in older adults and assess the association of MetS and adverse outcomes with handgrip strength (HGS), HGS/body weight (BWT), and HGS/body mass index (BMI). Methods A cross-sectional population study in Singapore. Data were collected on demographics, HGS, Timed-Up and Go (TUG), fasting glucose, lipid profile, blood pressure, waist circumference, frailty status, and cognition in 722 older adults ≥65 years old. MetS was defined using the Modified ATP III for Asians where at least three of the following conditions must be fulfilled, central obesity, high blood glucose (or diagnosed diabetes mellitus), high blood pressure (or diagnosed hypertension), low high-density lipoprotein, and high triglycerides. The waist circumference in the Modified ATP III for Asians is ≥90 cm for males or ≥80 cm for females. HGS and HGS normalized by BWT or BMI were used for the association. Results The prevalence of MetS in older adults was 41.0%, and those ≥85 years old 50.0%. The prevalence was higher in females ≥70 years old, with 8 in 10 females ≥85 years having MetS. After adjusting for age, years of education, physical exercise, as well as history of smoking and alcohol consumption, higher HGS normalized by BWT or BMI was significantly associated with lower odds of having MetS (OR: 0.51,95% CI 0.43-0.61, p<0.01) and (OR: 0.13, 95% CI 0.07-0.24, p<0.01). Conclusion Almost 1 in 2 older adults had MetS, with the prevalence in females much higher than that in males over 70 years old. Our findings suggest that both HGS/BWT and HGS/BMI had a significant negative association with MetS, its components, and adverse effects. Further studies are needed to validate the association and to determine optimal cutoffs of HGS/BWT and HGS/BMI for MetS, and the effectiveness of interventions in averting the risk.

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Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Association with Grip Strength in Older Adults: Findings from the HOPE Study

The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between reproductive variables and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components among Chinese women aged 40 years and older.

Reproductive factors and metabolic syndrome among Chinese women aged 40 years and older

Purpose This study was undertaken to investigate the impact of menopause duration on the risk factors and components of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Patients and Methods Women aged between 45 and 60 years participated in the study. Participants were split into two groups based on the duration of menopause. Women who had been menopausal for 1 to ≤5 years constituted Group 1, while women with 6–10 years of menopause duration formed Group 2. Results Significant differences were observed between the two groups for various factors associated with MetS, including anthropometric measurements, biochemical markers, and blood pressure. The conicity index, weight-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, visceral adiposity index (VAI), and menopause duration were associated with increased risk of MetS. Our multivariate logistic regression model showed that women with elevated VAI had a 2.073-fold (95% CI: 1.73–2.48, p<0.001) increased risk of MetS, while women with menopause duration more than 5 years had a 6.44-fold (95% CI: 3.336–12.45, p<0.001) increased risk of MetS. Conclusion The duration of menopause was found to be linked to a higher risk of MetS. Our results emphasize the importance of monitoring and managing metabolic health in women during the menopausal period, particularly those with extended menopause duration.

Metabolic Syndrome and Menopause: The Impact of Menopause Duration on Risk Factors and Components

This study aimed to estimate prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms and associated factors in climacteric women assisted in Primary Health Care. Epidemiological study, analytical, performed with climacteric women assisted in Primary Health Care of Montes Claros and the coverage period was selected from August 2014 to August 2015. Sociodemo graphicquestionnairies, lifestyle, health conditions, obstetric characteristics and climatic profile were used. Anxiety was investigated by Beck Anxiety Inventory as well as depression by Beck Depression Inventory. A hierachical Poisson regression model was used. Partcipated in the study 867 women aged 51,03 (±7,19) years. Prevalence of anxiety symptoms 57,3% and 39,1% depression symptoms. The variables associated with anxiety were having attended middle school (PR= 1,271) e elementary school (PR= 1,307), practicing activity irregulary (PR= 0,808) and being sedentary (PR= 0,841), being a smoker (PR= 1,298), having sleep disorders (PR= 1,640), having heart problems (PR=1,279) and back problems (PR= 1,292), symptoms of moderate climacteric (PR= 1,714) and symptoms of intense climacteric (PR=1,882). With regared to depression remained associated having attended middle school (PR=1,350) and elementary school (PR=1,708), being a smoker (PR= 1,530), having sleep disorders (PR= 2,645) and anxiety (PR= 2,766), symptoms of moderate climacteric (PR= 1,715) and symptoms of intense climacteric (PR= 2,285). Sociodemographic factors, lifestyle and climate profile were associated with depression and anxiety. Anxiety symptoms were associated with depression.

Symptoms of anxiety and depression in climacteric women and associated factorsmental health and health conditions

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of duration of reproductive period with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in rural population. Methods In all, 14596 menopausal women were enrolled from the Henan Rural Cohort study. Logistic regression and linear regression were used to evaluate the association between duration of reproductive period and MetS and its components (including central obesity, abnormal fasting plasma glucose (FPG), abnormal blood pressure (BP), abnormal triglycerides (TG) and abnormal high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). In addition, the mediation and interaction effects were performed by mediation analyses and generalized linear model. Results Each year of increase reproductive period correlated with an increased risk of MetS (OR = 1.031; 95% CI = 1.023–1.039; P &lt; 0.05). This association changed slightly after adjusting for body mass index (BMI) and remained statistically significant (OR (95% CI): 1.012(1.003, 1.021)). A positive association between duration of reproductive period and central obesity, abnormal FPG, abnormal BP, abnormal TG, and abnormal HDL-C were revealed (all P &lt; 0.05). The relationship with abnormal FPG (OR (95% CI): 1.009(1.000, 1.017)) and abnormal TG (OR (95% CI): 1.013(1.005, 1.021)) were attenuated after adjusting for BMI and remained statistically significant except for central obesity, abnormal BP and abnormal HDL-C. In addition, BMI mediated the relationship between duration of reproductive period and MetS and its components. The significant interaction of high fat diet was found in association between duration of reproductive period and MetS ( P interaction = 0.011). Conclusions The longer duration of reproductive period might raise a woman's risk of MetS and its components. More importantly, the association was largely mediated by BMI. There is an interaction effect between duration of reproductive period and high fat diet on the risk of MetS. 

Duration of reproductive period and metabolic syndrome and its components: findings from the Henan Rural Cohort Study in menopausal women

Objective Although duration of reproductive years and time since menopause were previously implicated in the metabolic syndrome, the evidence is more limited. Few of the previous studies were able to take into account related reproductive variables simultaneously. The aim of the present study was to explore the influence of these two reproductive factors on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal parous women from Southeast China. Methods In all, 1,536 postmenopausal parous women were recruited. Self-reported information about reproductive status, including age at menarche, age at menopause, number of children, prepregnancy body weight, and oral contraceptive use, was collected, and duration of reproductive years and time since menopause were calculated. Clinical parameters related with metabolic syndrome were also measured. Results Longer duration of reproductive years was significantly related with increased presence of the metabolic syndrome (odds ratio [OR] 1.570, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.091, 2.259 for tertile 2 group; OR 1.850, 95% CI 1.163, 2.944 for tertile 3 group; P for trend = 0.010). Women with more than 20 years since menopause were more likely to experience metabolic syndrome (OR 2.422, 95% CI 1.109, 5.286, P = 0.026) and elevated blood pressure (OR 3.239, 95% CI 1.406, 7.458, P = 0.006) when compared with those with less than 10 years since menopause. Conclusions Longer duration of reproductive years and time since menopause were associated with higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal parous women from Southeast China.

Duration of reproductive years and time since menopause were associated with metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal parous women of Chinese ancestry

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Duration of reproductive years and time since menopause were associated with metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal parous women of Chinese ancestry