The main challenges in drug delivery systems are to protect, transport and release biologically active compounds at the right time in a safe and reproducible manner, usually at a specific target site. In the past, drug nano-carriers have contributed to the development of precision medicine and to a lesser extent have focused on its inroads in agriculture. The concept of engineered nano-carriers may be a promising route to address confounding challenges in agriculture that could perhaps lead to an increase in crop production while reducing the environmental impact associated with crop protection and food production. The main objective of this review is to contrast the advantages and disadvantages of different types of nanoparticles and nano-carriers currently used in the biomedical field along with their fabrication methods to discuss the potential use of these technologies at a larger scale in agriculture. Here we explain what is the problem that nano-delivery systems intent to solve as a technological platform and describe the benefits this technology has brought to medicine. Also here we highlight the potential drawbacks that this technology may face during its translation to agricultural applications, based on the lessons learned so far from its use for biomedical purposes. We discuss not only the characteristics of an ideal nano-delivery system, but also the potential constraints regarding the fabrication including technical, environmental, and legal aspects. A key motivation is to evaluate the potential use of these systems in agriculture, especially in the area of plant breeding, growth promotion, disease control, and post-harvest quality control. Further, we highlight the importance of a rational design of nano-carriers and identify current research gaps to enable scale-up relevant to applications in the treatment of plant diseases, controlled release of fertilizers, and plant breeding.

Nanoscale Drug Delivery Systems: From Medicine to Agriculture.

Nanoengineered silica: Properties, applications and toxicity.

Green and efficient epoxidation of propylene with hydrogen peroxide (HPPO process) catalyzed by hollow TS-1 zeolite: A 1.0 kt/a pilot-scale study

Despite their advantageous morphological attributes and attractive physicochemical properties, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are merely supported as carriers or vectors for a reason. Incorporating various metal species in the confined nanospaces of MSNs (M-MSNs) significantly enriches their mesoporous architecture and diverse functionalities, bringing exciting potentials to this burgeoning field of research. These incorporated guest species offer enormous benefits to the MSN hosts concerning the reduction of their eventual size and the enhancement of their performance and stability, among other benefits. Substantially, the guest species act through contributing to reduced aggregation, augmented durability, ease of long-term storage, and reduced toxicity, attributes that are of particular interest in diverse fields of biomedicine. In this review, the first aim is to discuss the current advancements and latest breakthroughs in the fabrication of M-MSNs, emphasizing the pros and cons, the confinement of various metal species in the nanospaces of MSNs, and various factors influencing the encapsulation of metal species in MSNs. Further, an emphasis on potential applications of M-MSNs in various fields, including in adsorption, catalysis, photoluminescence, and biomedicine, among others, along with a set of examples is provided. Finally, the advances in M-MSNs with perspectives are summarized.

/pdf/metal-species-encapsulated-mesoporous-silica-nanoparticles-4clzi0ms7v.pdf

Metal Species–Encapsulated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: Current Advancements and Latest Breakthroughs

Porous silica particles have shown applications in various technological fields including their use as catalyst supports in heterogeneous catalysis. The mesoporous silica particles have ordered porosity, high surface area, and good chemical stability. These interesting structural or textural properties make porous silica an attractive material for use as catalyst supports in various heterogeneous catalysis reactions. The colloidal nature of the porous silica particles is highly useful in catalytic applications as it guarantees better mass transfer properties and uniform distribution of the various metal or metal oxide nanocatalysts in solution. The catalysts show high activity, low degree of metal leaching, and ease in recycling when supported or immobilized on porous silica-based materials. In this overview, we have pointed out the importance of porous silica as catalyst supports. A variety of chemical reactions catalyzed by different catalysts loaded or embedded in porous silica supports are studied. The latest reports from the literature about the use of porous silica-based materials as catalyst supports are listed and analyzed. The new and continued trends are discussed with examples.

/pdf/a-brief-overview-of-recent-progress-in-porous-silica-as-ofnd8f78cu.pdf

A Brief Overview of Recent Progress in Porous Silica as Catalyst Supports

Mesoporous silica has emerged as one of the most promising carriers for drug delivery systems. However, the synthesis of ultra-small mesoporous silica nanoparticles (UMSNs) and their application in drug delivery remains a significant challenge. Here, spherical UMSNs (∼25 nm) have been synthesized and tested as drug carriers. Anti-cancer drugs mitoxantrone (MX), doxorubicin (DOX) and methotrexate (MTX) have been utilized as model drugs. The pH-responsive drug delivery system can be constructed based on electrostatic interactions between carriers and drug molecules. The UMSNs could store drugs under physiological conditions and release them under acidic conditions. Different pH-responsive release profiles were obtained in phosphate buffer solutions (PBSs) at the designed pH values (from 4.0 to 7.4). MX and DOX can be used in the pH-responsive delivery system, while MTX cannot be used. Furthermore, we found that the physiological stabilities of these drug molecules in UMSNs are in a decreasing order MX > DOX > MTX, which follows the order of their isoelectric point (pI) values.

Ultra-small mesoporous silica nanoparticles as efficient carriers for pH responsive releases of anti-cancer drugs

Heterogeneous oxidation of cyclohexanone catalyzed by TS-1 : Combined experimental and DFT studies

Ultra-small mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have been synthesized at room temperature with particle sizes ranging from 28 to 45 nm. These MSNs have been employed as heterogeneous supports for palladium and gold nanocatalysts. The colloidal nature of the MSNs is highly useful for catalytic applications as it allows for better mass transfer properties and a more uniform distribution of the nanocatalysts in solution. The two nanocatalysts were evaluated in the cycloisomerization of alkynoic acids and demonstrated to produce the corresponding alkylidene lactones in good to excellent yields under mild conditions. In addition to their high activity, the catalysts exhibit low degree of metal leaching and straight-forward recycling, which highlight the practical utility of MSNs as supports for nanocatalysts.

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles applied as a support for Pd and Au nanocatalysts in cycloisomerization reactions

De-agglomeration of IZM-2 zeolite crystals by post-synthetic treatment

A novel open-framework germanate, denoted as SU-77, was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis using ethylenediamine as the structure directing agent. The as-synthesized SU-77 is monoclinic with space group P21/a and a = 13.52427(5) A, b = 12.64862(5) A, c = 9.60578(3) A, β = 92.8599(4)°. The structure of SU-77 is built from a novel Ge6O17(C2H8N2)F (Ge6) cluster building unit. The Ge6 clusters are connected to form chains along the c-axis. These chains are further connected in the [110] and [1–10] directions to form a three-dimensional framework with 12 × 10 × 10-ring channels. The as-synthesized monoclinic SU-77 became orthorhombic while being observed in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) or when heated to 200 °C in air. The orthorhombic structure of SU-77 was solved from micrometer-sized crystals by rotation electron diffraction (RED). The monoclinic structure was built from the orthorhombic structure and subsequently refined against synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data. SU-77 is the first examp...

SU-77: An Open-Framework Germanate Containing 12 × 10 × 10-Ring Channels Solved by Combining Rotation Electron Diffraction and Powder X-ray Diffraction

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