

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) has found a wide range of applications because of its high separation efficiency, low expense, short analysis time and minimal sample volume requirement. The tobacco quality depends on the nature and quantity of numerous substances. CE has been applied in the constituent analysis of tobacco and tobacco products for quality control and tobacco research.



The advances in the applications of CE to tobacco analysis are reviewed. The main subjects cover the separation modes of CE, the detection techniques of CE, sample preparations and the applications of CE in the measurements of various constituents in tobacco samples. In addition, the CE-based metabonomic investigation of tobacco is also introduced.



Capillary zone electrophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, capillary isotachophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary electrochromatography and non-aqueous CE have been applied in the determination of a variety of constituents in tobacco and tobacco products. The assayed substances include alkaloids, amines, saccharides, organic acids, inorganic ions, phenols, phenolic acids, flavonoids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, hormones, agricultural chemicals, etc.



This review demonstrates that CE is a promising analytical technique in the field of tobacco analysis. It is anticipated that CE will find more and more applications in tobacco investigations.


Advances in the Applications of Capillary Electrophoresis to Tobacco Analysis

A screening method using gas chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-QTOF/MS) combined with mini solid-phase extraction (mini-SPE) was established for the quantification and validation of multiclass pesticide residues in tobacco. The method was quicker and easier, with sample purity higher than that obtained by traditional SPE and dispersed-SPE. Box-Behnken design, an experimental design for response-surface methodology, was used to optimize the variables affecting the target pesticide recovery. Under the optimized conditions, 92% of the pesticides showed satisfactory recoveries of 70%–120% with precision <20% at spiking levels of 50, 250, and 500 ng/g. The limits of detection and quantification for all the analyses were 0.05–29.9 ng/g and 0.20–98.8 ng/g, respectively. In addition, a screening method based on the retention time and a homebuilt high-resolution mass spectrometry database were established. Under the proposed screening parameters and at spiking levels of 50, 100, and 500 ng/g, 76.6%, 94.7%, and 99.0% multiclass pesticide residues were detected, respectively, using the workflow software. The validated method was successfully applied to the analysis of real tobacco samples. Thus, the combination of mini-SPE and GC-QTOF/MS serves as a suitable method for the quantitative analysis and rapid screening of multiclass pesticide residues in tobacco.

/pdf/analysis-of-multiclass-pesticide-residues-in-tobacco-by-gas-2p4eg0k5.pdf

Analysis of Multiclass Pesticide Residues in Tobacco by Gas Chromatography Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Combined with Mini Solid-Phase Extraction

Simultaneous determination of fungicides and carbamates in tobacco by ultra performance convergence chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry coupled with modified QuEChERS

Development and Validation of a Modified QuEChERS Method for the Analysis of Bisphenols in Meats by UPLC-MS/MS

Coconut shell biochar application in liquid-solid microextraction of triazine herbicides from multi-media environmental samples.

A novel method for the rapid simultaneous determination of multiple fungicide residues in tobacco was established using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) combined with pass-through solid-phase extraction. After a simple vortex extraction of the samples with acetonitrile, the effective pass-through cleanup procedure was adopted to ensure high extraction efficiency and good sample cleanup. Fungicides were well separated on an ACQUITY UPLC™ BEH C18 column in 10 min by gradient elution with positive mode electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The analytical performance was demonstrated by the analysis of extracts from tobacco, spiked at three concentration levels ranging from 0.1 to 5.0 mg kg−1 for each pesticide. The recoveries for all compounds were 82.1–104.4% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 10.0%. Good linear relation (r ≥ 0.9986) was achieved for all studied analytes. The LODs for all analytes ranged from 0.84 to 5.81 μg kg−1 and the LOQs ranged from 2.66 to 18.32 μg kg−1, respectively. Twenty actual samples were determined with this method, and all samples were found to have fungicides. Being simple, accurate, and reliable, this method can be used for the determination of multiple fungicide residues in tobacco.

A Novel Method for the Determination of Fungicide Residues in Tobacco by Ultra-performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Combined with Pass-Through Solid-Phase Extraction

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A Novel Method for the Determination of Fungicide Residues in Tobacco by Ultra-performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Combined with Pass-Through Solid-Phase Extraction