We present the first version of the Ocean Circulation and Carbon Cycling (OC3) working group database, of oxygen and carbon stable isotope ratios from benthic foraminifera in deep ocean sediment cores from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 23-19 ky) to the Holocene (<10 ky) with a particular focus on the early last deglaciation (19-15 ky BP). It includes 287 globally distributed coring sites, with metadata, isotopic and chronostratigraphic information, and age models. A quality check was performed for all data and age models, and sites with at least millennial resolution were preferred. Deep water mass structure as well as differences between the early deglaciation and LGM are captured by the data, even though its coverage is still sparse in many regions. We find high correlations among time series calculated with different age models at sites that allow such analysis. The database provides a useful dynamical approach to map physical and biogeochemical changes of the ocean throughout the last deglaciation.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-023-02024-2.pdf

A global synthesis of high-resolution stable isotope data from benthic foraminifera of the last deglaciation

Abstract Climate variability over the past 800,000 years has long been described as being dominated by ~100-kyr glacial cycles, and researchers have debated whether these glacial cycles were driven by Earth’s orbital cycles of eccentricity, obliquity and precession. Some recent studies have suggested that these ~100-kyr glacial cycles are best characterized as groupings of two or three 41-kyr obliquity cycles; however, age uncertainties have made it difficult to distinguish whether the dramatic changes in ice-sheet size were more associated with 41-kyr obliquity or ~23-kyr precession cycles. We compare the impacts of obliquity and precession on glacial cycles using improved age estimates to analyse orbital phases during the onset of glacial terminations. Terminations are dated using a 640-kyr multiproxy stack of eight North Atlantic benthic δ 18 O records with well-constrained probabilistic age estimates derived from correlating North Atlantic ice-rafted debris to instances of abrupt Asian monsoon variability in high-resolution 230 Th-dated speleothems. Rayleigh’s R statistics for the precession and obliquity phases of terminations demonstrate that, although both have statistically significant effects, the precession phase is more predictive of termination onset, particularly for the largest events. Thus, we conclude that Late Pleistocene ice sheets were sensitive to the precession forcing of Northern Hemisphere summer insolation intensity. 

Late Pleistocene 100-kyr glacial cycles paced by precession forcing of summer insolation

Abstract. Previously developed software packages that generate probabilistic age models for ocean sediment cores are designed to use either age proxies (e.g., radiocarbon or tephra layers) or stratigraphic alignment (e.g., of benthic δ18O) and cannot combine age inferences from both techniques. Furthermore, many radiocarbon dating packages are not specifically designed for marine sediment cores and default settings may not accurately reflect the probability of sedimentation rate variability in the deep ocean, requiring subjective tuning of parameter settings. Here we present a new technique for generating Bayesian age models and stacks using ocean sediment core radiocarbon and benthic δ18O data, implemented in a software package named BIGMACS (Bayesian Inference Gaussian Process regression and Multiproxy Alignment of Continuous Signals). BIGMACS constructs multiproxy age models by combining age inferences from both radiocarbon ages and benthic δ18O stratigraphic alignment and constrains sedimentation rates using an empirically derived prior model based on 37 14C-dated ocean sediment cores (Lin et al., 2014). BIGMACS also constructs continuous benthic δ18O stacks via a Gaussian process regression, which requires a smaller number of cores than previous stacking methods. This feature allows users to construct stacks for a region that shares a homogeneous deep water δ18O signal, while leveraging radiocarbon dates across multiple cores. Thus, BIGMACS efficiently generates local or regional stacks with smaller uncertainties in both age and δ18O than previously available techniques. We present two example regional benthic δ18O stacks and demonstrate that the multiproxy age models produced by BIGMACS are more precise than their single proxy counterparts. 

Bayesian age models and stacks: Combining age inferences from radiocarbon and benthic δ18O stratigraphic alignment

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Bayesian age models and stacks: Combining age inferences from radiocarbon and benthic δ<sup>18</sup>O stratigraphic alignment