It is well known that shark skin surface can effectively inhabit the occurrence of turbulence and reduce the wall friction, but in order to understand the mechanism of drag reduction, one has to solve the problem of the turbulent flow on grooved-scale surface, and in that respect, the direct numerical simulation is an important tool. In this article, based on the real biological shark skin, the model of real shark skin is built through high-accurate scanning and data processing. The turbulent flow on a real shark skin is comprehensively simulated, and based on the simulation, the drag reduction mechanism is discussed. In addition, in order to validate the drag-reducing effect of shark skin surface, actual experiments were carried out in water tunnel, and the experimental results are approximately consistent with the numerical simulation.

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study of Drag-Reducing Surface of a Real Shark Skin

Bio-inspired drag reduction surface from sharkskin

It has gradually developed into an undisputable fact that sharkskin surface has the obvious drag reduction effect compared with the absolutely smooth skins, and it has been put into application widely, which has brought great advantages and profits in daily life, industry and agriculture. Because some problems in turbulence are not resolved completely and perfectly, the drag reduction mechanism of real sharkskin has also not been understood absolutely and thoroughly so far. However, many researchers have carried out lots of the relevant experiments and analyses, very plentiful and important conclusions are obtained, which can explain some certain phenomena of sharkskin drag reduction effect. An overview of exploring drag reduction mechanism of real sharkskin surface is systemically presented in detail. These mechanisms include inhibition of turbulence using micro/nano structured morphology, influence of scale's attack angles, nano-long chains and boundary layer slipping based on superhydrophobicity. This paper will improve the comprehension of the drag reduction mechanism and expand biomimetic sharkskin technology into more applications.

Recent progress in exploring drag reduction mechanism of real sharkskin surface: a review

Resistance reduction technology research of high speed ships based on a new type of bow appendage

Bio-inspired/biomimetic surface technologies focusing on sharkskin, lotus leaf, gecko feet, and others have attracted so lots of attentions from all over the world; meanwhile, they have also brought great advantages and profits for mankind. Sharkskin drag-reducing/low-resistance surface is the imperative consequence of nature selection and self-evolution in the long history, which can enable itself accommodate the living environments perfectly. Generally speaking, sharkskin effect can become transparent only in some certain velocity scope. How to expand its application range and enhance the drag reduction function further has developed into the urgent issue. In this article, the water-repellent and hydrodynamic drag-reducing effects are improved by adjusting sharkskin texture. The experimental results show that contact angle of more than 150° is achieved, and drag-reducing property is improved to some extent. In addition, the drag-reducing mechanism is explored and generalized from different aspects adopting the numerical simulation, which has important significance to comprehend sharkskin effect.

Improvement of water-repellent and hydrodynamic drag reduction properties on bio-inspired surface and exploring sharkskin effect mechanism

The flow in turbulent boundary layer and the viscous drag over V-groove surface are numerically simulated using the RANS formula and RNG k-e turbulence model. The influences of the tip shape of V-groove and Reynolds number on the drag reduction effect are studied; and the mechanism of drag reduction effect is analyzed, too. It is shown that, the smaller the fillet radius of the tip is, the better the effect of drag reduction is. As the fillet radius of the tip becomes smaller, the wall shear stress on the middle and low part of the groove surface becomes less, but the local wall shear stress on the tip becomes greater; the flow velocity has a great influence on the ratio of drag reduction, and the favorable flow velocity range is related to a certain groove dimension, hut the locations where the groove surface is set along the flow direction have very little influence on the ratio of drag reduction, while the dimension of groove has very strongly influence on the drag reduction effect. The secondary vortices generated at the groove peaks are the fundamental reasons of the drag reduction, and the drag reduction ratio is closely related to the intensity of the second vortex.

Analysis on Factors and Mechanism of Drag Reduction by Grooved Surface

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Analysis on Factors and Mechanism of Drag Reduction by Grooved Surface