Internet of things(IoT) development tends to reduce the reliance on centralized servers. The zero-trust distributed system combined with blockchain technology has become a hot topic in IoT research. However, distribution data storage services and different blockchain protocols make network interoperability and cross-platform more complex. Relay chain is a promising cross-chain technology that solves the complexity and compatibility issues associated with blockchain cross-chain transactions by utilizing relay blockchains as cross-chain connectors. Yet, relay chain cross-chain transactions need to collect asset information and implement asset transactions via two-way peg. Due to the release of user transaction information, there is the issue of privacy leakage. In this paper, we propose a cross-chain privacy protection protocol based on the Groth16 zero-knowledge proof algorithm and coin-mixing technology, which changes the authentication mechanism and uses a combination of generating functions to map virtual external addresses in transactions. It allows fast cross-chain anonymous transactions while hiding the genuine user’s address. The experiment shows that, in a zero-trust IoT context, our scheme can effectively protect user privacy information, accomplish controlled transaction traceability operations, and guarantee cross-chain transaction security.

/pdf/an-anonymous-and-supervisory-cross-chain-privacy-protection-3rhn9v3y.pdf

An Anonymous and Supervisory Cross-Chain Privacy Protection Protocol for Zero-Trust IoT Application

vMixing coins strategy can realize the anonymity of user information, thereby protecting the user's privacy. Ideally, the blacklist is public information and all bad coins are recorded in it. However, due to the failure of some bad coins to be registered in the blacklist in time, users can only obtain part of the blacklist information, which allows illegal criminals to take advantage of it. How to prevent illegal activities under the partial information blacklist and how to design coins' quality updating rule rationally have become open issues in mixing coins. The updating rule of coins' quality in mixing is addressed since illegal criminals may carry out illegal activities, for example, money laundering. ImpSuic, an improved suicide strategy, is proposed as a new quality updating rule. The intuition is: all coins of the one who has the highest bad coins according to the blacklist, are recorded as bad coins. On the other hand, the coins' quality of others remain unchanged. Besides, linear programming is introduced into ImpSuic strategy to predict the maximum utility after mixing coins, which facilitates users to make reasonable decisions before mixing coins. Simulation results show that the quality updating rule in ImpSuic strategy can preserve users' privacy and antimoney launder.

ImpSuic: A quality updating rule in mixing coins with maximum utilities

The Bitcoin system uses anonymous transactions to protect users’ privacy, but attackers can use this defect of bitcoin transactions to discover the association between bitcoin addresses. At present, address clustering methods can make use of these vulnerabilities to associate the address as an entity to a certain extent. However, these address clustering methods have problems such as an insufficient inference rate of change addresses, inability to identify mixing transactions, and low efficiency of algorithm implementation. We propose some solutions to these problems. 1) We improve the method of change address identification to identify and mark more of them. 2) We propose a heuristic address clustering method related to mixing transactions, which can identify their privacy vulnerabilities. 3) We propose an incremental address clustering method that can store the historical state and more quickly discover the anonymity defect of Bitcoin. We use real Bitcoin transaction data to demonstrate our method’s feasibility and reliability. 

Improving Address Clustering in Bitcoin by Proposing Heuristics

User device sends a login request. Provider server receives the random number from the authentication server, and sends other information to the authentication server. Provider server sends the random number to the device. Random number is transferred to the second user device, the second user device, and transmits it to the authentication server. Authentication server, the second device transmits the provider authentication policy requirements, and further transmits other information. The second device transmits the user verification information to the authentication server. The authentication server, the verification information transmitted is decided to match the authentication policy requirements of the service provider, the verification information to authenticate the user, comparing the verification information stored user. The second device, signed with the user authentication information, and transmits the message random number and containing other information to the authentication server. The authentication server sends the authentication notification and the signed message to the provider server. .Field

Secure authentication in a multi-party system

Service Provider hybrid method (10) sends the decryption information used to safely and affordable to the client (12), decrypting the broadcast service. The service provider 10 has received and decrypted the current required to authenticate the client, and decrypts the broadcast service information available two-way transfer (as and, optional, future decryption information), channel 14 (e.g., GPRS service requests uses the channel). Service provider 10 is a one-way channel 16 (e. G., DVB-T channel), and transmits the encrypted service. Service provider 10 also transmits to the client (12) to decrypt the information desirable to change the encryption of the service, and, in doing so, updates to the one-way channel 16 with time. The updated decryption information is encrypted using the current valid decryption information, it may also include future decryption information and the synchronization information as well.

A hybrid network encrypt/decrypt scheme

As Bitcoin users grow, the protection of the Bitcoin privacy protection becomes an important issue. Bitcoin mixing technology can cut off the connection between buyers and sellers. Now, a more effective method is used to carry out a coin mixing operation. The existing flat structure and two-layer structure have their own deficiencies. Therefore, anonymous Bitcoin mixing scheme is proposed. In order to increase the anonymity of coin mixing, group blind signature technology is used to expand the anonymous set of users. Moreover, a Supervisor for supervising Mixes is introduced to ensure the security of the system and the threshold signature is also used to ensure the security of the Mix’s Bitcoin to prevent the Supervisor from stealing Bitcoin. Finally, the security analysis and experiment are given to conclude that our scheme is secure and efficient.

Anonymous Bitcoin Mixing Scheme Based on Semi-Trusted Supervisor

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Anonymous Bitcoin Mixing Scheme Based on Semi-Trusted Supervisor