The discovery of the enhancement of Raman scattering by molecules adsorbed on nanostructured metal surfaces is a landmark in the history of spectroscopic and analytical techniques. Significant experimental and theoretical effort has been directed toward understanding the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect and demonstrating its potential in various types of ultrasensitive sensing applications in a wide variety of fields. In the 45 years since its discovery, SERS has blossomed into a rich area of research and technology, but additional efforts are still needed before it can be routinely used analytically and in commercial products. In this Review, prominent authors from around the world joined together to summarize the state of the art in understanding and using SERS and to predict what can be expected in the near future in terms of research, applications, and technological development. This Review is dedicated to SERS pioneer and our coauthor, the late Prof. Richard Van Duyne, whom we lost during the preparation of this article.

/pdf/present-and-future-of-surface-enhanced-raman-scattering-34aqgcm385.pdf

Present and Future of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering

Owing to their excellent multiplexing ability, high sensitivity, and large dynamic range, immunoassays using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) as the readout signal have found prosperous applications in fields such as disease diagnosis, environmental surveillance, and food safety supervision. Various ever-increasing demands have promoted SERS-based immunoassays from the classical sandwich-type ones to those integrated with fascinating automatic platforms (e.g., test strips and microfluidic chips). As recent years have witnessed impressive progress in SERS immunoassays, we try to comprehensively cover SERS-based immunoassays from their basic working principles to specific applications. Focusing on several basic elements in SERS immunoassays, typical structures of SERS nanoprobes, productive optical spectral encoding strategies, and popular immunoassay platforms are highlighted, followed by their representative biological applications in the last 5 years. Moreover, despite the vast advances achieved ...

SERS-Activated Platforms for Immunoassay: Probes, Encoding Methods, and Applications

Dopamine is a key catecholamine neurotransmitter and it has critical roles in the function of the human central nervous system. Abnormal release of dopamine is related to neurological diseases and depression. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor dopamine levels in vivo and in real time to understand its physiological roles. In this review, we discuss dopamine detection focusing on the molecular recognition methods including enzymes, antibodies, and aptamers, as well as new advances based on nanomaterials and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). A large fraction of these sensors rely on electrochemical detection to fulfill the requirement of fast, in situ, and in vivo detection with a high spatial and temporal resolution. These methods need to overcome interferences from molecules with a similar redox potential. In addition, fluorescent and colorimetric sensors based on aptamers are also quite popular, and care needs to be taken to validate specific dopamine binding. Combining aptamers or MIPs with electrochemistry promises to achieve rapid detection and increased selectivity. In this article, we pay more attention to the molecular recognition mechanism and critically review the sensor designs. In the end, some future directions are discussed.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/VIW.20200102

Biosensors and sensors for dopamine detection

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) receive extensive interest, owing to their structure predictability, recognition specificity, and application universality as well as robustness, simplicity, and inexpensiveness. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is regarded as an ideal optical detection candidate for its unique features of fingerprint recognition, nondestructive property, high sensitivity, and rapidity. Accordingly, MIP based SERS (MIP-SERS) sensors have attracted significant research interest for versatile applications especially in the field of chemo- and bioanalysis, showing excellent identification and detection performances. Herein, we comprehensively review the recent advances in MIP-SERS sensors construction and applications, including sensing principles and signal enhancement mechanisms, focusing on novel construction strategies and representative applications. First, the basic structure of the MIP-SERS sensors is briefly outlined. Second, novel imprinting strategies are highlighted, mainly including multifunctional monomer imprinting, dummy template imprinting, living/controlled radical polymerization, and stimuli-responsive imprinting. Third, typical application of MIP-SERS sensors in chemo/bioanalysis is summarized from both small and macromolecular aspects. Lastly, the challenges and perspectives of the MIP-SERS sensors are proposed, orienting sensitivity improvement and application expanding.

http://ir.yic.ac.cn/bitstream/133337/25064/1/Molecular-Imprinting-Based%20Surface-Enhanced%20Raman%20Scattering%20Sensors.pdf

Molecular-Imprinting-Based Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Sensors.

This article presents a broad review on optical, radio-frequency (RF), microwave (MW), millimeter wave (mmW) and terahertz (THz) biosensors. Biomatter-wave interaction modalities are considered over a wide range of frequencies and applications such as detection of cancer biomarkers, biotin, neurotransmitters and heart rate are presented in detail. By treating biological tissue as a dielectric substance, having a unique dielectric signature, it can be characterized by frequency dependent parameters such as permittivity and conductivity. By observing the unique permittivity spectrum, cancerous cells can be distinguished from healthy ones or by measuring the changes in permittivity, concentration of medically relevant biomolecules such as glucose, neurotransmitters, vitamins and proteins, ailments and abnormalities can be detected. In case of optical biosensors, any change in permittivity is transduced to a change in optical properties such as photoluminescence, interference pattern, reflection intensity and reflection angle through techniques like quantum dots, interferometry, surface enhanced raman scattering or surface plasmon resonance. Conversely, in case of RF, MW, mmW and THz biosensors, capacitive sensing is most commonly employed where changes in permittivity are reflected as changes in capacitance, through components like interdigitated electrodes, resonators and microstrip structures. In this paper, interactions of EM waves with biomatter are considered, with an emphasis on a clear demarcation of various modalities, their underlying principles and applications.

/pdf/em-wave-biosensors-a-review-of-rf-microwave-mm-wave-and-3fsobvqity.pdf

EM-Wave Biosensors: A Review of RF, Microwave, mm-Wave and Optical Sensing.

SERS-active Au@Ag nanorod dimers for ultrasensitive dopamine detection.

Due to the adoption of integral equations instead of partial differential equations to describe the deformations of materials, the peridynamics has advantages in dealing with fracture problems. However, the non-local effect of peridynamics brings too much computation cost to make large-scale engineering applications challenging. In this paper, a parallel algorithm in the Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) framework is presented to speed up the computational process of a peridynamic model for quasistatic fracture simulations on GPU, in which the peridynamic model is numerically implemented by the peridynamics-based finite element method (PeriFEM) [1]. The parallel algorithm makes crack simulations by the pure peridynamics with millions of degrees of freedom possible with one GPU. To validate the accuracy and efficiency of the parallel algorithm based on PeriFEM, several numerical benchmarks are performed, and the results are compared with those obtained by the finite element method (FEM) and the serial algorithm. The results of the comparison show that the presented parallel algorithm is effective and efficient. 

/pdf/accelerated-peridynamic-computation-on-gpu-for-quasi-static-1g50zky3.pdf

Accelerated Peridynamic Computation on GPU for Quasi-static Fracture Simulations

The surface effect of peridynamics seriously affects the accuracy of numerical results near the boundary. The fictitious node method can modify the surface effect of peridynamics, but the previous method (Le and Bobaru, 2018) is only applicable to problems with only stress boundary conditions. This paper proposes an extended fictitious node method for deriving the fictitious node displacement constraint equations that apply to the displacement boundary conditions, based on the corresponding equivalence of stress components along with the boundary normal and tangential directions on the left and right sides of the boundary node. Consequently, the extended fictitious node method can handle problems with mixed boundary conditions of stress and displacement constraints. Then, this method is verified through numerical examples with mixed boundary conditions. The results after the surface correction show good agreements with those of the finite element method or with analytical solutions. • The surface effect of peridynamics is handled by an extended fictitious node method. • The displacement constraints on the fictitious nodes are derived under the framework of classical continuum mechanics. • The proposed method can effectively eliminate the effect of surface effect. 

An extended fictitious node method for surface effect correction of bond-based peridynamics

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SERS-active Au@Ag nanorod dimers for ultrasensitive dopamine detection.

Accelerated Peridynamic Computation on GPU for Quasi-static Fracture Simulations

An extended fictitious node method for surface effect correction of bond-based peridynamics