Aims and objectives To map research-based psychological distress among the family members with patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Background Having a loved one in the ICU is a stressful experience, which may cause psychological distress for family members. Depression, anxiety and stress are the common forms of psychological distress associated with ICU patient's family members. Directly or indirectly, psychological distress may have behavioural or physiological impacts on the family members and ICU patient's recovery. Design The study was based on the five-stage methodological framework by Arksey and O'Malley (International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 2005, 8, 19) and were guided by the PRISMA-ScR Checklist. Methods A comprehensive and systematic search was performed in five electronic databases, namely the Scopus, Web of Sciences, CINAHL® Complete @EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect and MEDLINE. Reference lists from the screened full-text articles were reviewed. Results From a total of 1252 literature screened, 22 studies published between 2010-2019 were included in the review. From those articles, four key themes were identified: (a) Prevalence of psychological distress; (b) Factors affecting family members; (c) Symptoms of psychological distress; and (d) Impact of psychological distress. Conclusions Family members with a critically ill patient in ICU show high levels of anxiety, depression and stress. They had moderate to major symptoms of psychological distress that negatively impacted both the patient and family members. Relevance to clinical practice The review contributed further insights on psychological distress among ICU patient's family members and proposed psychological interventions that could positively impact the family well-being and improve the patients' recovery.

Psychological distress among the family members of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients: A scoping review.

Families’ perceptions of support from health care professionals in the three emergency departments in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa

: Relatives of critically ill patients were able to identify their needs during the intensive care phase of hospitalization. The universal need identified as very important was the need for hope. Other important needs were concerned with receiving adequate and honest information and feeling that the hospital staff members were concerned about the patient. Although several of the needs appeared to be of great concern to relatives, all the needs were considered very important by at least one relative. The majority of needs were perceived as being met consistently. Various resources were used by the relatives to meet their needs; however, specific needs were expected to be met by physicians and nurses. Since many relatives have similar needs, the use of a group process to deal with them should be investigated. A group process allows for sharing and support among the relatives and also allows one staff member to work with several relatives. The relatives perceived the role of health care personnel to be patientcentered only. If the patient is a member of a family, then the family and staff should recognize that the health care personnel are helping relatives because it is a crucial part of total patient care. This area in providing total patient care needs to be studied carefully. The relatives of critically ill patients have important needs in this crisis period. By recognizing these needs and evaluating how they are being met, total patient care will involve the family. Such involvement is essential to the care of the critically ill patient.

[Need of relatives of critically ill patients: a descriptive study].

Background There are no critical care nurse training programs in Malawi despite the high burden of diseases which culminate in critical illness. This paper presents contextual issues that influence preparedness of nurses for critical care nursing practice in Malawi. The qualitative findings presented are part of a larger mixed methods study which explored learning needs of critical care nurses as a way of informing the development of a training program for the critical care nurses in Malawi. Methods Interpretive descriptive design was used. Data were gathered through 10 key informant interviews with nurse leaders (n=8) and anaesthetists (n=2); and two focus group discussions with registered nurses and nurse midwife technicians working in intensive care and adult high dependency units at two tertiary hospitals. Transcribed data were analyzed manually and through the use of NVivo data management software utilizing Thorne’s steps of analysis1. Results Being unprepared to work in intensive care and high dependency units was a dominant theme. Factors that contributed to this sense of unpreparedness were lack of educational preparation, organisational factors and workforce issues. The consequences of nurses’ perceptions of being unprepared were fearfulness, a change of nurses’ attitudes and elevation of risk to patients. The nurses managed unpreparedness by relying on other health professionals and learning on the job. Conclusion The findings illuminated contextual issues to be considered when developing programs for upskilling nurses in hospitals within Malawi and contributes to the developing body of knowledge related to nursing education and practice development within developing countries.

/pdf/contextual-issues-that-influence-preparedness-of-nurses-for-4cfwl6pr1p.pdf

Contextual issues that influence preparedness of nurses for critical care nursing practice in Malawi

Aim This study aimed to investigate family members' beliefs and attitudes towards the visiting policies of intensive care units (ICUs). Design It employed a descriptive cross-sectional quantitative design. Method This study recruited four public hospitals in Ghana with a sample of 200 family members. The study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. The data were collected and analysed with SPSS version 16. Results This study revealed that while family members believed in the beneficial effect of adhering to open visiting policies in ICUs, their attitudes were sceptical and restrictive. Most family members preferred the acceptable number of visitors within 24 hr to be two, and according to them, only one person should be allowed to enter at a time. There was a meaningful relationship between the families' beliefs and religion (p = 0.02), educational level (p = 0.03) and family status (p = 0.02). Furthermore, a meaningful relationship was also observed between the families' attitudes and status (p = 0.04) and their level of education (p = 0.05). The studied family members showed concern in this regard and did not want the community style of visiting to be implemented, which could hinder patients' recovery.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/nop2.234

Family members' beliefs and attitudes towards visiting policy in the intensive care units of Ghana

This study compared needs of
family members as perceived by nurses and the family members themselves. The
study design was descriptive and utilized quantitative data collection and analysis
method. Nurses (n = 62) working in the Intensive Care Units (ICU) and High
Dependency Units (HDU) of three tertiary health facilities in Malawi at the
time of the study consented to participate in the study. In addition, family
members (n = 62) who were looking after a critically sick relative in the ICU
and HDU in the same tertiary facilities consented and participated in the
study. Data were collected using a questionnaire developed from the Critical
Care Family Needs Inventory for a period of 7 days. STATA version 10 was used
to analyze data. The rank correlation between the mean scores of perceived
needs across major need categories of support, comfort, information, proximity
and assurance between the nurses and family members was significantly different
from zero (r = 0.97, p = 0.005). Nurses and family members, respectively ranked
assurance (90% and 92%) as the highest priority need, followed by information
(78% and 85%) and comfort (78% and 84%) and then support (70% and 73%) and
proximity (66% and 69%). The ranking however between the 2 groups on 16 out of
45 individual needs were significantly different (p

https://file.scirp.org/pdf/OJN_2014041814242439.pdf

Comparison of Nurses’ and Families’ Perception of Family Needs in Critical Care Unit at Referral Hospitals in Malawi

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Comparison of Nurses’ and Families’ Perception of Family Needs in Critical Care Unit at Referral Hospitals in Malawi