At ISOLDE the majority of radioactive ion beams are produced using the resonance ionization laser ion source (RILIS). This ion source is based on resonant excitation of atomic transitions by wavelength tunable laser radiation. Since its installation at the ISOLDE facility in 1994, the RILIS laser setup has been developed into a versatile remotely operated laser system comprising state-of–the-art solid state and dye lasers capable of generating multiple high quality laser beams at any wavelength in the range of 210–950 nm. A continuous programme of atomic ionization scheme development at CERN and at other laboratories has gradually increased the number of RILIS-ionized elements. At present, isotopes of 40 different elements have been selectively laser-ionized by the ISOLDE RILIS. Studies related to the optimization of the laser–atom interaction environment have yielded new laser ion source types: the laser ion source and trap and the versatile arc discharge and laser ion source. Depending on the specific experimental requirements for beam purity or versatility to switch between different ionization mechanisms, these may offer a favourable alternative to the standard hot metal cavity configuration. In addition to its main purpose of ion beam production, the RILIS is used for laser spectroscopy of radioisotopes. In an ongoing experimental campaign the isotope shifts and hyperfine structure of long isotopic chains have been measured by the extremely sensitive in-source laser spectroscopy method. The studies performed in the lead region were focused on nuclear deformation and Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 44 (2017) 084006 (28pp) https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6471/aa78e0 * This article belongs to the Focus on Exotic Beams at ISOLDE: A Laboratory Portrait special issue. 0954-3899/17/084006+28$33.00 © 2017 IOP Publishing Ltd Printed in the UK 1 Made open access 7 August 2017 Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. shape coexistence effects around the closed proton shell Z = 82. The paper describes the functional principles of the RILIS, the current status of the laser system and demonstrated capabilities for the production of different ion beams including the high-resolution studies of short-lived isotopes and other applications of RILIS lasers for ISOLDE experiments.

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6471/aa78e0/pdf

IOP : Ion beam production and study of radioactive isotopes with the laser ion source at ISOLDE

Developments at TRIUMF’s isotope separator and accelerator (ISAC) resonance ionization laser ion source (RILIS) in the past years have concentrated on increased reliability for on-line beam delivery of radioactive isotopes to experiments, as well as increasing the number of elements available through resonance ionization and searching for ionization schemes with improved efficiency. The current status of these developments is given with a list of two step laser ionization schemes implemented recently.

Current developments with TRIUMF’s titanium-sapphire laser based resonance ionization laser ion source

The ISOLDE facility at CERN offers the largest selection of ISOL beams today. The overall aim of the HIE-ISOLDE project is to enlarge the physics domains achievable with these beams, in particular by raising the maximum energy of post-accelerated beams to more than 10MeV/u. An outline of the history of the project is followed by a succinct description of the superconducting linac chosen for acceleration and an overview of the parts of the project aiming to the improvement of the beam quality and intensity. Concrete examples are given of experiments that will be performed at HIE-ISOLDE.

HIE-ISOLDE, the project and the physics opportunities

The resonance ionization laser ion source (RILIS) is the principal ion source of the ISOLDE radioactive beam facility based at CERN. Using the method of in-source laser resonance ionization spectroscopy, a transition to a new autoionizing state of tellurium was discovered and applied as part of a three-step, three-resonance, photo-ionization scheme. In a second study, a three-step, two-resonance, photo-ionization scheme for germanium was developed and the ionization efficiency was measured at ISOLDE. This work increases the range of ISOLDE RILIS ionized beams to 31 elements. Details of the spectroscopy studies are described and the new ionization schemes are summarized.

Laser resonance ionization scheme development for tellurium and germanium at the dual Ti:Sa–Dye ISOLDE RILIS☆

This thesis presents nuclear spins, electromagnetic moments, and changes in the mean-square charge radii for radioactive gallium isotopes, and the latter two for the francium isotope 214Fr with additional α-decay spectroscopy. Measurements were made using the CRIS technique at the ISOLDE facility in CERN, facilitating some of the most sensitive nuclear structure studies on exotic nuclei to date. Where applicable, experimental results are compared to empirical, and LSSM calculations. The amalgamated data set has presented the opportunity of probing the sturdiness of three doubly-magic nuclei with respect to their local vicinities: 56Ni, 78Ni, and 208Pb. A magical 56Ni core is confirmed with an electromagnetic-moment analysis of 65,67,69Ga, albeit of a soft nature. Comparisons with shell model calculations not only confirm increased mixtures of π2p3/2/π1f5/2 configurations and the presence of neutron correlations towards N = 28, but they also highlight systematic trends with respect to the neighbouring odd-Z isotope chains. Analyses of neutron-rich species up to 82Ga reveal a rich collection of nuclearstructure effects: a gradual proton-occupation migration from π2p3/2 → π1f5/2 for the odd-A species which culminates in a ground-state spin reversal involving those spins at 81Ga, isomeric presence in 80Ga at N = 49, and a kink in the change in the mean-square charge radii for 82Ga at N = 51. Overall, this adds further evidence for a robust doubly magic 78Ni core. Measurements of 214Fr with t1/2 = 5 ms represents the shortest-lived isotope to have been measured with laser spectroscopy techniques at an online facility, in which the ISOL production mechanism is the limiting factor. With its g factor suggesting a relatively pure (π1h9/2 ⊗ ν2g9/2) configuration for I = 1− and a kink in its charge-radii value at N = 127, the magical effects of 208Pb can be observed five protons away.

Exploring the magical tenacity of doubly closed-core nuclei with gallium and francium isotopes

Suitability test of a high beam quality Nd:YVO4 industrial laser for the ISOLDE RILIS installation.

/pdf/nuclear-moment-studies-in-the-odd-mass-in-isotopes-up-to-n-4h7gzzmmed.pdf

Nuclear moment studies in the odd-mass In isotopes up to N=82 using the Tilted Foils technique

/pdf/determination-of-the-electron-affinity-of-astatine-and-1zar4z444w.pdf

Determination of the electron affinity of astatine and polonium by laser photodetachment

In 2016, a successful in-source laser spectroscopy campaign for bismuth isotopes was performed by our collaboration (IS608). This Addendum summarizes the preliminary results of these studies and presents the new beam-time request to complete several outstanding goals. The measurements will be performed with the Windmill and by using the new possibilities provided by the ISOLDE Decay Station (IDS) Requested shifts: 13 shifts with a UCx target, with RILIS (+3 already available from previously-approved IS608)

/pdf/shape-coexistence-and-shape-evolution-studies-for-bismuth-6bfeb0ckn2.pdf

Shape-coexistence and shape-evolution studies for bismuth isotopes by in-source laser spectroscopy

/pdf/shape-coexistence-in-the-lightest-tl-isotopes-studied-by-4eclgizuy1.pdf

Shape coexistence in the lightest Tl isotopes studied by laser spectroscopy

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