Life-history data from two hundred crisis families and two hundred non-crisis families are examined to specify the influence of crisis conditions on spiritual growth. Members of crisis families making spiritual values their basis for life-orientation appear to live more productively and experience more life-satisfaction than members of crisis families or non-crisis families making no conscious effort to examine values or life-orientation.These findings invite further substantiation of crisis as opportunity for spiritual growth. A clinical implication is that research on optimal functioning, recovery, and spiritual growth is perhaps more needed at present than continued research on pathology and dysfunction.

Crisis as Opportunity for Spiritual Growth

Sociology’s Imperial Unconscious: The Emergence of American Sociology in the Context of Empire

The New Surgical Colonialism: China, Africa, and Oil

Existing accounts of American sociology’s founding years during the early twentieth century assume that the discipline was ‘metrocentric.’ They assume that it was only interested in processes occurring within the United States; that American sociologists fell prey to state-centrist thought; and that, therefore, contextualizing America sociology’s emergence necessitates understanding relations, events, and processes within the confines of US territorial boundaries. By contrast, this paper shows the imperial and hence global aspects of early American sociological thought. Early American sociologists were interested in imperialism and, therefore, in cross-societal, transnational, and global processes and relations. Implicitly or explicitly they approached imperialism as a process by which social groups, not least ‘races,’ interacted and conflicted. They also saw it as a route towards new global forms. Early American sociology thus articulated a sociological imagination that looked beyond American society and...

Beyond metrocentrism: From empire to globalism in early US sociology

Empires and Nations: Convergence or Divergence?

In this paper I propose to treat the subject-the relations between the living and the dead-not in its application to early or primitive society in general, but in reference to a single pagan tribe of the northern Philippines. In his excellent volume, Fonctions mentales dans les socighgs inftrieures,' Levy-Bruhl has treated this subject at length and has outlined a scheme, or a series of stages, through which he believes the less civilized races consider their dead and living to pass. I wish to apply this scheme to the Tinguian people of Northern Luzon, but first shall briefly review Levy-Bruhl's attitude which leads him to adopt his method of treatment. He holds that human mentality, in the main, is a social or collective product and that \"the collective representation fprimitive men differs fundamentally from our ideas or concepts, nor are they their equivalents.\" Civilized man acts in accordance with the precepts of logic, while the mind of primitive man is molded in accordance with the law of participation which, he asserts, is relatively indifferent to the law of contradiction. Such a mentality Levy-Bruhl labels \"prelogical.\" To a man in this stage of society there is only a weak line of demarkation between the living and the dead. He lives with his dead, feeds and converses with the departed, and finds no contradiction in the fact that the deceased still participates, in a way, in the society of the living. For this mentality, death consists in participation or non-participation; that is, a dead person passes through a series of stages in which he participates more or less in life or death. In choosing examples for the elaboration of this argument, Levy-Bruhl has considered only races of the type least

Relations Between the Living and the Dead

Man's Prehistoric Past.Harris Hawthorne Wilder

The Social and Political Systems of Central Polynesia.R. W. Williamson

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Relations Between the Living and the Dead

Man's Prehistoric Past.Harris Hawthorne Wilder

The Social and Political Systems of Central Polynesia.R. W. Williamson