This Review documents some examples of recent innovations in the field of catalytic selective oxidation from an industrial point of view. The use of alkanes as building blocks for the synthesis of bulk chemicals and intermediates is discussed, along with the main properties that catalysts should possess in order to efficiently catalyse the selective oxidation of these hydrocarbons. The currently developed processes for propene oxide and new processes under investigation for the synthesis of adipic acid are also described, highlighting innovative aspects for a better sustainability of the chemical industry.

Sustainability in Catalytic Oxidation: An Alternative Approach or a Structural Evolution?

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2013/CY/C3CY20728E

Emerging catalytic processes for the production of adipic acid

Mesoporous siliceous SBA-15-supported Cu catalysts have been prepared by different methods and systematically characterized. The results revealed that the incipient wetness impregnation (IWI) method gives poor dispersion of copper species, whereas much better dispersion is found in catalysts prepared by the deposition precipitation (DP), grafting, and homogeneous deposition precipitation (HDP) methods. The Cu/SBA-15 catalyst prepared by the grafting method is rich in Cu+, while a partial destruction of the hexagonal mesostructure of SBA-15 occurs in the catalyst prepared by the HDP method. In gas phase hydrogenolysis of dimethyl maleate (DMM) to 1,4-butanediol (BDO), the hydrogenolysis activities of the catalysts follow the sequence of the metallic Cu surface areas; the catalyst prepared by the HDP method exhibits the highest activity and selectivity. Irrespective of the much smaller metallic Cu surface area of the catalyst prepared by the grafting method, this catalyst exhibits only slightly lower activity than that prepared by the DP method, suggesting that Cu+ also participates in DMM hydrogenolysis. The reaction conditions are further investigated over the Cu/SBA-15 catalyst prepared by the HDP method, aiming to obtain a high yield of BDO.

Preparation of Cu/SBA-15 catalysts by different methods for the hydrogenolysis of dimethyl maleate to 1,4-butanediol

Bifunctional periodic mesoporous organosilicas with large heterocyclic bridging groups and mercaptopropyl surface ligands located on the pore walls are reported. These materials were synthesized by co-condensation of tris[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]isocyanurate, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane and tetraethyl orthosilicate in the presence of a block copolymer. They exhibit ordered and uniform mesopores with multifunctional groups of high adsorption affinity towards heavy metal ions such as mercury.

Bifunctional periodic mesoporous organosilica with large heterocyclic bridging groups and mercaptopropyl ligands

Adipic acid, which is a very important commodity chemical, is traditionally manufactured industrially by an aged and unsustainable multistep process that involves homogeneous catalysts, aggressive oxidants (concentrated nitric acid) and the production of large quantities of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide. Much research and development into alternative and cleaner process routes to adipic acid have been carried out over the past 70 years. Improved reaction schemes have invoked variations in fossil raw materials (from benzene and phenol to cyclohexane, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, cyclohexene, butadiene, and adiponitrile, etc.), oxidants (O2, air, H2O2, t-BuOOH, ozone), catalysts (homogeneous, heterogeneous, phase transfer, biomimetic) and reaction conditions (low temperature, atmospheric pressure, and solvent-, metal-, halide-, and corrosion-free). No single proposed alternative pathway—some of which are purely academic—simultaneously addresses the problems of petrochemical origin, toxic starting materia...

Transiting from Adipic Acid to Bioadipic Acid. 1, Petroleum-Based Processes

A “one-pot” synthesis of adipic acid from cyclohexene under mild conditions with new bifunctional Ti-AlSBA mesostructured catalysts

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A “one-pot” synthesis of adipic acid from cyclohexene under mild conditions with new bifunctional Ti-AlSBA mesostructured catalysts