Celiac disease remains a challenging condition because of a steady increase in knowledge tackling its pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and possible therapeutic options. A major milestone in the history of celiac disease was the identification of tissue transglutaminase as the autoantigen, thereby confirming the autoimmune nature of this disorder. A genetic background (HLA-DQ2/DQ8 positivity and non-HLA genes) is a mandatory determinant of the development of the disease, which occurs with the contribution of environmental factors (e.g., viral infections and dysbiosis of gut microbiota). Its prevalence in the general population is of approximately 1%, with female predominance. The disease can occur at any age, with a variety of symptoms/manifestations. This multifaceted clinical presentation leads to several phenotypes, i.e., gastrointestinal, extraintestinal, subclinical, potential, seronegative, non-responsive, and refractory. Although small intestinal biopsy remains the diagnostic ‘gold standard’, highly sensitive and specific serological tests, such as tissue transglutaminase, endomysial and deamidated gliadin peptide antibodies, have become gradually more important in the diagnostic work-up of celiac disease. Currently, the only treatment for celiac disease is a life-long, strict gluten-free diet leading to improvement in quality of life, ameliorating symptoms, and preventing the occurrence of refractory celiac disease, ulcerative jejunoileitis, and small intestinal adenocarcinoma and lymphoma. The present review is timely and provides a thorough appraisal of various aspects characterizing celiac disease. Remaining challenges include obtaining a better understanding of still-unclear phenotypes such as slow-responsive, potential (minimal lesions) and seronegative celiac disease. The identification of alternative or complementary treatments to the gluten-free diet brings hope for patients unavoidably burdened by diet restrictions.

/pdf/celiac-disease-a-comprehensive-current-review-cxyva9rn97.pdf

Celiac disease: a comprehensive current review

Beside digesting nutrients and absorbing solutes and electrolytes, the intestinal epithelium with its barrier function is in charge of a tightly controlled antigen trafficking from the intestinal lumen to the submucosa. This trafficking dictates the delicate balance between tolerance and immune response causing inflammation. Loss of barrier function secondary to upregulation of zonulin, the only known physiological modulator of intercellular tight junctions, leads to uncontrolled influx of dietary and microbial antigens. Additional insights on zonulin mechanism of action and the recent appreciation of the role that altered intestinal permeability can play in the development and progression of chronic inflammatory disorders has increased interest of both basic scientists and clinicians on the potential role of zonulin in the pathogenesis of these diseases. This review focuses on the recent research implicating zonulin as a master regulator of intestinal permeability linked to the development of several chronic inflammatory disorders.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/21688370.2016.1251384

Zonulin, a regulator of epithelial and endothelial barrier functions, and its involvement in chronic inflammatory diseases

Importance The prevalence of gluten-related disorders is rising, and increasing numbers of individuals are empirically trying a gluten-free diet for a variety of signs and symptoms. This review aims to present current evidence regarding screening, diagnosis, and treatment for celiac disease and nonceliac gluten sensitivity. Observations Celiac disease is a gluten-induced immune-mediated enteropathy characterized by a specific genetic genotype (HLA-DQ2andHLA-DQ8genes) and autoantibodies (antitissue transglutaminase and antiendomysial). Although the inflammatory process specifically targets the intestinal mucosa, patients may present with gastrointestinal signs or symptoms, extraintestinal signs or symptoms, or both, suggesting that celiac disease is a systemic disease. Nonceliac gluten sensitivity is diagnosed in individuals who do not have celiac disease or wheat allergy but who have intestinal symptoms, extraintestinal symptoms, or both, related to ingestion of gluten-containing grains, with symptomatic improvement on their withdrawal. The clinical variability and the lack of validated biomarkers for nonceliac gluten sensitivity make establishing the prevalence, reaching a diagnosis, and further study of this condition difficult. Nevertheless, it is possible to differentiate specific gluten-related disorders from other conditions, based on currently available investigations and algorithms. Clinicians cannot distinguish between celiac disease and nonceliac gluten sensitivity by symptoms, as they are similar in both. Therefore, screening for celiac disease must occur before a gluten-free diet is implemented, since once a patient initiates a gluten-free diet, testing for celiac disease is no longer accurate. Conclusions and Relevance Celiac disease and nonceliac gluten sensitivity are common. Although both conditions are treated with a gluten-free diet, distinguishing between celiac disease and nonceliac gluten sensitivity is important for long-term therapy. Patients with celiac disease should be followed up closely for dietary adherence, nutritional deficiencies, and the development of possible comorbidities.

Celiac Disease and Nonceliac Gluten Sensitivity: A Review.

Wheat is one of the most consumed cereal grains worldwide and makes up a substantial part of the human diet. Although government-supported dietary guidelines in Europe and the U.S.A advise individuals to eat adequate amounts of (whole) grain products per day, cereal grains contain “anti-nutrients,” such as wheat gluten and wheat lectin, that in humans can elicit dysfunction and disease. In this review we discuss evidence from in vitro, in vivo and human intervention studies that describe how the consumption of wheat, but also other cereal grains, can contribute to the manifestation of chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases by increasing intestinal permeability and initiating a pro-inflammatory immune response.

/pdf/the-dietary-intake-of-wheat-and-other-cereal-grains-and-2tpn70zrer.pdf

The dietary intake of wheat and other cereal grains and their role in inflammation

Health Benefits and Adverse Effects of a Gluten-Free Diet in Non-Celiac Disease Patients.

Aim: : To evaluate the systematic and local effect of doxycycline and low intensity laser treatment on periodontitis in rats. Study design: Prospective study Place and duration of study: Department of Periodontology, De’Montmorency College of Dentistry, Lahore from 1st January 2021 to 30th September 2021. Methodology: One hundred of rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) were selected and divided into two groups. In Group I, 50 rats were given induction of periodontal disease while other 50 as Group II were not given the induction of the periodontal disease and were designated as non-treatment group. Lowe left 1st molar was covered with ten-number cotton threads using altered forceps. Group I rats were further divided into slots of ten rats depending upon the local-treatment they would be receiving including doxycycline and or low intensity laser. After seven days of receiving periodontal disease the ligature was removed from each rat. Results: The animal was euthanatized after completion of 30 days follow-up. Post-euthanasia the jaws were removed and preserved in 10% solution of formalin for a period of 48 hours. The left side was then subjected to the x ray imaging after its separation from the right side. The imaging illustrated that there was significant bone loss in the Group II. Considering the bone loss in all the groups it was observed that reduced bone loss was presented in Sub group I c, d and e than Sub group I a and Group II on day seven. Conclusion: Periodontitis was greatly reduced in doxycycline ad well as low intensity laser groups systematically as well as locally in comparison with no treatment group. Key words: Periodontitis, Doxycycline, Low intensity laser

Systematic and Local Effect of Doxycycline and Low Intensity Laser Treatment on Periodontitis in Rats

Objective: To assess the risk perception mental health impact and coping strategies during Covid-19 pandemic among health care workers. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Community Dentistry, Frontier Medical & Dental College, Abbottabad from 1st January 2021 to 31st December 2021. Methodology: Two hundred health care workers were given questionnaire for complete detailing their information regarding demographic, occupational, anxiety scoring and depression state. Results: The age of the health care workers was mostly within 26-40 years followed by greater than 18 years. It was observed that anxiety was presented at a mild score within doctors and other health care worker staff while it was seen to a moderate level within the nursing health care workers. Furthermore, the gender distribution of anxiety showed higher level of anxiety among females than males. Within genders a low risk perception was seen within males than females. Among the health care workers, the risk perception was highest in nurses followed by paramedic and other health care staff. Conclusion: Covid-19 has caused devastating effects on the psychological stability of the health care workers which needs to be properly assessed and addressed. Keywords: Covid-19, Health care workers, Anxiety, Risk perception

Risk Perception Mental Health Impact and Coping Strategies during Covid 19 Pandemic among Health Care Workers

The autoimmune enteropathy, coeliac disease (CD), is triggered by ingestion of gluten-containing grains We recently reported that the chemokine receptor CXCR3 serves as a receptor for specific gliadin peptides that cause zonulin release and subsequent increase in intestinal permeability To explore the role of CXCR3 in the immune response to gliadin, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from both patients with CD and healthy controls were incubated with either pepsin-trypsin-digested gliadin or 11 α-gliadin synthetic peptides in the presence or absence of a blocking anti-CXCR3 monoclonal antibody Supernatants were analysed for interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, IP-10 (CXCL10), tumour necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ Gliadin broadly induced cytokine production irrespective of the clinical condition However, IL-8 production occurred only in a subgroup of individuals and cells of the phagocytic lineage were the main source Induction of IL-8 was reproduced by one of a comprehensive panel of synthetic α-gliadin peptides and was abrogated when CXCR3 was blocked before stimulation with either gliadin or this peptide in the CD group but not in the control group, suggesting that gliadin-induced IL-8 production was CXCR3-dependent gliadin induced IL-8 production only in CD

Identification of a novel immunomodulatory gliadin peptide that causes interleukin-8 release in a chemokine receptor CXCR3-dependent manner only in patients with coeliac disease

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Fatima Chaudhry

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Systematic and Local Effect of Doxycycline and Low Intensity Laser Treatment on Periodontitis in Rats

Risk Perception Mental Health Impact and Coping Strategies during Covid 19 Pandemic among Health Care Workers

Identification of a novel immunomodulatory gliadin peptide that causes interleukin-8 release in a chemokine receptor CXCR3-dependent manner only in patients with coeliac disease