We propose WiPLUS - a system that enables WiFi to deal with the stealthy invasion of LTE-U into the frequency bands used by WiFi. Using solely MAC layer information extracted passively, during runtime, out of the hardware registers of the WiFi NIC at the WiFi access point, WiPLUS is able to: i) detect interfering LTE-U signals, ii) compute their dutycycles, and iii) derive the effective medium airtime available for each WiFi link in a WiFi Basic Service Set (BSS). Moreover WiPLUS provides accurate timing information about the detected LTE-U ON and OFF phases enabling advanced interference mitigation strategies such as interference-aware scheduling of packet transmissions, rate adaptation and adaptive channel bonding. WiPLUS does not require any modifications to the WiFi client stations and works with commodity WiFi APs where it has a simple software installation process. We present the design, the implementation details and the evaluation of the WiPLUS approach. Evaluation results reveal that it is able to accurately estimate the effective available medium airtime for each link in a WiFi BSS under a wide range of LTE-U signal strengths with a root-mean-square error of less than 3% for the downlink and less 10% for the uplink.

WiPLUS: Towards LTE-U Interference Detection, Assessment and Mitigation in 802.11 Networks

Wireless video multicast over IEEE 802.11 WLANs is a viable approach to bridging the gap between limited wireless resources and the ever-increasing mobile video traffic demand. However, existing wireless multicast mechanisms have several limitations, such as low spectral efficiency, high feedback overhead, and lack of consideration of the frame aggregation feature of current WLANs. In this paper, we propose FlexVi, a flexible wireless multicast solution for efficient video streaming over WLANs. Considering the frame aggregation of the current WLANs, FlexVi allows an access point to dynamically adjust the data rate on the basis of three factors: available wireless bandwidth, heterogeneity of the channel qualities among the clients, and the priorities among the video frames in terms of video quality. In addition, by harnessing the orthogonality of the subcarriers in the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, FlexVi enables multiple clients to deliver their feedback to an access point simultaneously without collision, which results in very low feedback overhead. We verified the feasibility of FlexVi through experiments on a software defined radio platform. We also conducted an extensive simulation study and found that FlexVi outperforms the latest wireless multicast mechanisms.

FlexVi: PHY Aided Flexible Multicast for Video Streaming over IEEE 802.11 WLANs

The basic MAC mechanisms in IEEE 802.11 (WiFi) have remained largely unchanged for over 20 years. In this paper, we argue that the prevalence of WiFi makes it almost impossible to improve its performance through changes that require modifying hardware, firmware, or drivers. New applications, however, continue to exert novel performance demands. We suggest that changes should be developed as augmentation-only solutions through above-driver, kernel-level software modifications. An augmentation-only solution needs to maintain inter-operability and afford transparency in performance to existing WiFi devices, as well as enable minimum overhead upgradability. Our goal is to demonstrate the feasibility of MAC augmentation according to these principles. To this end, we leverage soft scheduling, where nodes are asked for a best-effort attempt to adhere to a given schedule. We allow the soft scheduler to coexist with and work at a different time scale from WiFi's Distributed Coordination Function (DCF); allowing it to reduce the time nodes spend contending for the medium while allowing DCF to handle only missed schedule slots and schedule divergence. We present a new Soft Token Passing Protocol (STPP) as an instance of this family of Soft Scheduling Protocols. We then show how STPP can be made part of a MAC protocol with specific performance improvement goals by developing the Wireless Low-Latency Local Links (WL4) system. We evaluate WL4 on a five node microbenchmark and quantify the system's overhead on network throughput and latency. We show that soft scheduling, via STPP, enables WL4 to adhere to our augmentation principles while improving the latency within the system.

If you can't Beat Them, Augment Them: Improving Local WiFi with Only Above-Driver Changes

A wide bandwidth through the channel bonding of IEEE 802.11ac significantly increases the capacity of wireless transmissions. However, multicast traffic is simply transmitted using a narrow 20 MHz bandwidth because the access point (AP) is agnostic to the supportable bandwidth information of clients in a multicast group. This paper proposes WiderCast which enables channel bonding for multicast in IEEE 802.11ac WLANs. In WiderCast, the AP scales the bandwidth for multicast transmissions according to the supportable bandwidths of multicast clients. To enable bandwidth negotiation between the AP and clients without high control overhead, WiderCast employs a novel bandwidth signaling scheme, in which multicast clients can simultaneously deliver their supportable bandwidth information to the AP without collision. We verified the feasibility of WiderCast with a prototype on software-defined radio. We also conducted an extensive simulation study demonstrating that WiderCast achieves higher throughput and improved video quality than traditional wireless multicast. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to take into account channel bonding for wireless multicast in WLANs.

WiderCast: Enabling Wider Bandwidth for Wireless Multicast Over IEEE 802.11ac WLANs

We propose WiPLUS -- a system that enables WiFi to deal with the stealthy invasion of LTE-U into the frequency bands used by WiFi. Using solely MAC layer information extracted passively, during runtime, out of the hardware registers of the WiFi NIC at the WiFi access point, WiPLUS is able to: i) detect interfering LTE-U signals, ii) compute their duty-cycles, and iii) derive the effective medium airtime available for each WiFi link in a WiFi Basic Service Set (BSS). Moreover WiPLUS provides accurate timing information about the detected LTE-U ON and OFF phases enabling advanced interference mitigation strategies such as interference-aware scheduling of packet transmissions, rate adaptation and adaptive channel bonding. 
WiPLUS does not require any modifications to the WiFi client stations and works with commodity WiFi APs where it has a simple software installation process. 
We present the design, the implementation details and the evaluation of the WiPLUS approach. Evaluation results reveal that it is able to accurately estimate the effective available medium airtime for each link in a WiFi BSS under a wide range of LTE-U signal strengths with a root-mean-square error of less than 3% for the downlink and less 10% for the uplink.

pdf/towards-lte-u-interference-detection-assessment-and-2w5fsxoqf3.pdf

Towards LTE-U Interference Detection, Assessment and Mitigation in 802.11 Networks using Commodity Hardware

Wireless LANs (WLANs) carry a diversemix of traffic, ranging from delay-sensitive real-time applications to bulk transfers. Using existing QoS mechanisms in high speed WLANs (e.g., 802.11n/ac) presents a tradeoff between maximizing the performance of real-time applications and achieving high throughput. We propose SlickFi, a service differentiation scheme for high-speed WLANs that addresses this tradeoff by leveraging existing dual radio WiFi access points (APs). SlickFi opportunistically adapts channel width on a per-frame basis based on application demands and communicates traffic information across radios to control aggregate frame sizes for improving channel efficiency. SlickFi can be readily deployed on commodity devices using only driver-level changes at the AP-side. We implemented SlickFi in the ath9k driver and using real testbed experiments, show that it can improve aggregate throughput by up to 1.8x and 2.2x over 802.11n and 802.11e, respectively and the PSNR of 1080p videos by up to 3.4x and 1.7x over 802.11n and 802.11e, respectively.

SlickFi: A Service Differentiation Scheme for High-Speed WLANs using Dual Radio APs

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SlickFi: A Service Differentiation Scheme for High-Speed WLANs using Dual Radio APs