In the current scenario, it is an urgent requirement to satisfy the nutritional demands of the rapidly growing global population. Using conventional farming, nearly one-third of the crops get damaged mainly due to pest infestation, microbial attacks, natural disasters, poor soil quality, and lesser nutrient availability. More innovative technologies are immediately required to overcome these issues. In this regard, nanotechnology has contributed to the agrotechnological revolution that has imminent potential to reform the resilient agricultural system, while promising food security. Therefore, nanoparticles are becoming a new-age material to transform modern agricultural practices. The variety of nanoparticles-based formulations, including, nano-sized pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, fertilizers, and sensors, have been widely investigated for plant health management and soil improvement. In-depth understanding of plant and nanomaterial interactions opens new avenues towards improving crop practices through increased properties like disease resistance, crop yield, and nutrient utilization. In this review, we highlight the critical points to address the current nanotechnology-based agricultural research that could benefit productivity and food security in future.

/pdf/nanoparticle-based-sustainable-agriculture-and-food-science-cobbl0iotx.pdf

Nanoparticle-Based Sustainable Agriculture and Food Science: Recent Advances and Future Outlook

There is a need for a more innovative fertilizer approach that can increase the productivity of agricultural systems and be more environmentally friendly than synthetic fertilizers. In this article, we reviewed the recent development and potential benefits derived from the use of nanofertilizers (NFs) in modern agriculture. NFs have the potential to promote sustainable agriculture and increase overall crop productivity, mainly by increasing the nutrient use efficiency (NUE) of field and greenhouse crops. NFs can release their nutrients at a slow and steady pace, either when applied alone or in combination with synthetic or organic fertilizers. They can release their nutrients in 40-50 days, while synthetic fertilizers do the same in 4-10 days. Moreover, NFs can increase the tolerance of plants against biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, the advantages of NFs over synthetic fertilizers, as well as the different types of macro and micro NFs, are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the application of NFs in smart sustainable agriculture and the role of NFs in the mitigation of biotic and abiotic stress on plants is presented. Though NF applications may have many benefits for sustainable agriculture, there are some concerns related to the release of nanoparticles (NPs) from NFs into the environment, with the subsequent detrimental effects that this could have on both human and animal health. Future research should explore green synthesized and biosynthesized NFs, their safe use, bioavailability, and toxicity concerns.

Nano-Fertilization as an Emerging Fertilization Technique: Why Can Modern Agriculture Benefit from Its Use?

Drought is an important environmental stress that has negative effects on plant growth leading to a reduction in yield. In this study, the positive role of nanoparticles of SiO2, Se, and Se/SiO2 (SiO2-NPs, Se-NPs and Se/SiO2-NPs) has been investigated in modulating negative effects of drought on the growth and yield of strawberry plants. Spraying of solutions containing nanoparticles of SiO2, Se, and Se/SiO2 (50 and 100 mg L−1) improved the growth and yield parameters of strawberry plants grown under normal and drought stress conditions (30, 60, and 100%FC). Plants treated with Se/SiO2 (100 mg L−1) preserved more of their photosynthetic pigments compared with other treated plants and presented higher levels of key osmolytes such as carbohydrate and proline. This treatment also increased relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI) and water use efficiency (WUE). In addition, exogenous spraying of Se/SiO2 increased drought tolerance through increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes including catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as decreasing lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content. Increase in biochemical parameters of fruits such as anthocyanin, total phenolic compounds (TPC), vitamin C and antioxidant activity (DPPH) in strawberry plants treated with Se/SiO2 under drought stress revealed the positive effects of these nanoparticles in improving fruit quality and nutritional value. In general, our results supported the positive effect of the application of selenium and silicon nanoparticles, especially the absolute role of Se/SiO2 (100 mg L−1), on the management of harmful effects of soil drought stress not only in strawberry plants, but also in other agricultural crops.

/pdf/selenium-and-silica-nanostructure-based-recovery-of-47ore77dff.pdf

Selenium and silica nanostructure-based recovery of strawberry plants subjected to drought stress

In agriculture, abiotic stress is one of the critical issues impacting the crop productivity and yield. Such stress factors lead to the generation of reactive oxygen species, membrane damage, and other plant metabolic activities. To neutralize the harmful effects of abiotic stress, several strategies have been employed that include the utilization of nanomaterials. Nanomaterials are now gaining attention worldwide to protect plant growth against abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, heavy metals, extreme temperatures, flooding, etc. However, their behavior is significantly impacted by the dose in which they are being used in agriculture. Furthermore, the action of nanomaterials in plants under various stresses still require understanding. Hence, with this background, the present review envisages to highlight beneficial role of nanomaterials in plants, their mode of action, and their mechanism in overcoming various abiotic stresses. It also emphasizes upon antioxidant activities of different nanomaterials and their dose-dependent variability in plants’ growth under stress. Nevertheless, limitations of using nanomaterials in agriculture are also presented in this review.

/pdf/metal-metalloid-based-nanomaterials-for-plant-abiotic-stress-2zkzuxdq.pdf

Metal/Metalloid-Based Nanomaterials for Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance: An Overview of the Mechanisms

Crosstalk of nanoparticles and phytohormones regulate plant growth and metabolism under abiotic and biotic stress

The effects of iron nanoparticles and salicylic acid (SA) on strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) plants in conditions of drought stress were surveyed under in vitro conditions to find the optimum combination for strawberry tissue culture. Cuttings of the Queen Elisa cultivar were surveyed in a three-way factorial experiment with three replications in 2015. The results showed that drought stress significantly affected all measured parameters of strawberry plantlets under in vitro condition in a negative way. SA compensated for the negative effects of drought stress on strawberry plantlets and improved their growth parameters under in vitro culture. Strawberry plantlets treated with iron nanoparticles were able to cope with stressful conditions better than untreated ones. This study found that iron, a micronutrient in plant growth and in vitro development, greatly influenced the plantlets’ growth parameters and other measured traits. These results indicate that the efficiency of tissue culture and in vitro culture of strawberries could be improved by increased application of iron in the form of nanoparticles. The results might also indicate that the application of iron nanoparticles along with SA can be a useful method for providing higher quantity and quantity in the in vitro culture of strawberries, and could be used for adapting strawberry plants to drought before transplanting them in the field.

Application of iron nanoparticles and salicylic acid in in vitro culture of strawberries ( Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) to cope with drought stress

Comparative investigation of structural relationships among morpho-physiological and biochemical properties of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) under drought and salinity stresses: A study based on in vitro culture

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Application of iron nanoparticles and salicylic acid in in vitro culture of strawberries ( Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) to cope with drought stress

Comparative investigation of structural relationships among morpho-physiological and biochemical properties of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) under drought and salinity stresses: A study based on in vitro culture