The fracture process of the metal cylindrical shell under the action of implosion is numerically simulated by AUTODYN finite element software for the expansion of cracks on the surface of the cases under the action of implosion loading. Numerical computations were used to determine the effect law of engineering factors such as the energy density of explosives, shell thickness, and shell material on crack-related parameters. The results show that the shell fracture radius along the axial direction remains nearly constant, and its value is less influenced by the energy density of explosives. The axial crack propagation velocity of the shell from the location of crack initiation to the non-exploding end of the shell shows a trend of change from high to low, fluctuating down. The axial crack propagation velocity and crack circumferential density both increase with the explosive energy density. The fracture density fluctuation range is between 0.4~0.73/mm. The law can be used to study the fracture damage of metal cylindrical shell structures under high impact.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2478/7/072019/pdf

The effect law of shell surface crack propagation under implosion loading

A numerical investigation on the effect of transfer medium in explosive forming

The present study deals with the elastic properties at different pressure of hcp-iron have been carried out. By exerting pressure on the cubic body of n-th power of edge length, we have used a new equation of state based on Eulerian finite theory. We have computed the bulk modulus and their pressure derivative from this formulated equation of state. The results from the proposed equation of state (EOS) show the better agreement with available experimental data. Thus, the derived expressions are able to predict the elastic properties of hcp-iron under high pressures.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2426/1/012056/pdf

High-pressure equations of state and elastic properties of the hcp-Iron

Equation of state for rhodium at high pressures

To promote the popularization and development of hydrogen energy, a micro-simulation approach was developed to determine the Mie–Grüneisen EOS of 316 stainless steel for a hydrogen storage tank in the Hugoniot state. Based on the combination of the multi-scale shock technique (MSST) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, a series of shock waves at the velocity of 6–11 km/s were applied to the single-crystal (SC) and polycrystalline (PC) 316 stainless steel model, and the Hugoniot data were obtained. The accuracy of the EAM potential for Fe–Ni–Cr was verified. Furthermore, Hugoniot curve, cold curve, Grüneisen coefficient (γ), and the Mie–Grüneisen EOS were discussed. In the internal pressure energy-specific volume (P-E-V) three-dimensional surfaces, the Mie–Grüneisen EOSs show concave characteristics. The maximum error of the calculation results of SC and PC is about 10%. The results for the calculation deviations of each physical quantity of the SC and PC 316 stainless steel indicate that the grain effect of 316 stainless steel is weak under intense dynamic loads, and the impact of the grains in the cold state increases with the increase in the volume compression ratio.

/pdf/molecular-dynamics-study-on-hugoniot-state-and-mie-gruneisen-3v7higwj.pdf

Molecular Dynamics Study on Hugoniot State and Mie–Grüneisen Equation of State of 316 Stainless Steel for Hydrogen Storage Tank

The objective of this study was to develop a micromechanical approach for determining the Mie–Gruneisen EOS parameters of iron under the Hugoniot states. The multiscale shock technique (MSST) coupled with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations was employed to describe the shocked Hugoniot relation of single-crystal (SC) and nanocrystalline (NC) iron under high pressures. The Mie–Gruneisen equation of state (EOS) parameters, the cold pressure (Pc), the cold energy (Ec), the Gruneisen coefficient (γ), and the melting temperature (Tm) are discussed. The error between SC and NC iron results was found to be less than 1.5%. Interestingly, the differences in Hugoniot state (PH) and the internal energy between SC and NC iron were insignificant, which shows that the effect of grain size (GS) under high pressures was not significant. The Pc and Ec of SC and NC iron calculated based on the Morse potential were almost the same with those calculated based on the Born–Mayer potential; however, those calculated based on the Born–Mayer potential were a little larger at high pressures. In addition, several empirical and theoretical models were compared for the calculation of γ and Tm. The Mie–Gruneisen EOSs were shown on the 3D contour space; the pressure obtained with the Hugoniot curves as the reference was larger than that obtained with the cold curves as the reference.

Hugoniot States and Mie–Grüneisen Equation of State of Iron Estimated Using Molecular Dynamics

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Hugoniot States and Mie–Grüneisen Equation of State of Iron Estimated Using Molecular Dynamics