Citrus is a genus belonging to the Rutaceae family and includes important crops like orange, lemons, pummelos, grapefruits, limes, etc. Citrus essential oils (CEOs) consist of some major biologically active compounds like α-/β-pinene, sabinene, β-myrcene, d-limonene, linalool, α-humulene, and α-terpineol belonging to the monoterpenes, monoterpene aldehyde/alcohol, and sesquiterpenes group, respectively. These compounds possess several health beneficial properties like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, etc., in addition to antimicrobial properties, which have immense potential for food applications. Therefore, this review focused on the extraction, purification, and detection methods of CEOs along with their applications for food safety, packaging, and preservation. Further, the concerns of optimum dose and safe limits, their interaction effects with various food matrices and packaging materials, and possible allergic reactions associated with the use of CEOs in food applications were briefly discussed, which needs to be addressed in future research along with efficient, affordable, and “green” extraction methods to ensure CEOs as an ecofriendly, cost-effective, and natural alternative to synthetic chemical preservatives.

Citrus Essential Oils (CEOs) and Their Applications in Food: An Overview.

The Botryosphaeriaceae comprises endophytes, saprobes and plant pathogens. Recently, some taxa in Botryosphaeriaceae have undergone nomenclatural changes. This paper represents the first comprehensive overview of Botryosphaeriaceae since 2013. Twenty three genera and 187 species of Botryosphaeriaceae are listed alphabetically, brief notes for species in each genus are provided. Information is provided for the location of ex-type isolates, new host records and geographical distribution of species. Available DNA sequences from ex-type isolates are listed in a table and multilocus phylogenetic trees for major genera in Botryosphaeriaceae are provided.

/pdf/botryosphaeriaceae-current-status-of-genera-and-species-3woor4tctt.pdf

Botryosphaeriaceae: Current status of genera and species

Preparation, stability and biological activity of essential oil-based nano emulsions: A comprehensive review

This study is aimed to develop a novel edible coating based on Plantago major seed mucilage (PMSM) and Citrus limon essential oil (CLEO) to increase the shelf-life of buffalo meat during cold storage. The CLEO was firstly isolated by the hydrodistillation method, and it contained mainly limonene (40.5%) and carene (15.4%) with remarkable antioxidant activity (55.7%, 63.8%, and 51.85% based on the DPPH-radical scavenging, ABTS-radical scavenging, and carotene-linoleic acid bleaching tests, respectively) and antibacterial effect against some pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms. The CLEO (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%) was then incorporated into PMSM solution to develop a novel CLEO-loaded PMSM edible coating for improving the shelf-life of buffalo meat. The edible coating was able to significantly reduce the progression of lipid oxidation (peroxide value) and microbial growth (total viable count, psychrotrophic bacteria, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and fungi) in buffalo meat during storage period of 10 days at 4°C in comparison with the control (noncoated sample). The meat hardness and sensory properties (i.e., odor, color, appearance, texture, and overall acceptability) were also maintained better upon edible coating applications. Based on the results, the CLEO-rich PMSM edible coating could be applied as a new and effective preservative to improve the stability of meat products to lipid oxidation and microbial spoilage.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/fsn3.2137

Utilization of Plantago major seed mucilage containing Citrus limon essential oil as an edible coating to improve shelf-life of buffalo meat under refrigeration conditions.

Ability of Pythium oligandrum strains to protect Vitis vinifera L., by inducing plant resistance against Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, a pathogen involved in Esca, a grapevine trunk disease

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02374062/document

The potency of lemon (Citrus limon L.) essential oil to control some fungal diseases of grapevine wood.

Grapevine dieback is an increasing problem in grape vineyards in Algeria. We conducted field surveys each spring between 2006 and 2012 to determine the fungal pathogens associated with grapevine decline in various grape-growing regions. We isolated and identified 3 species of Botryosphaeriaceae (Botryosphaeria dothidea, Diplodia seriata, and Neofusicoccum parvum) from infected wood using a combination of morphological and cultural characters, as well as phylogenetic analyses of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and fruiting body. We identified 20 isolates of Diplodia seriata, 13 isolates of Botryosphaeria dothidea, and 7 isolates of Neofusicoccum parvum. Inoculation of grapevine plantlets with the 3 Botryosphaeriaceae species produced necrosis and vascular lesions in the wood after a 6-week incubation; Neofusicoccum parvum isolates were the most virulent, followed by D. seriata and B. dothidea. All 3 species were re-isolated from lesions on infected plantlets. Our results represent the first report of a canker disease of grapevine associated with species of the Botryosphaeriaceae in Algeria.

/pdf/occurrence-of-botryosphaeriaceae-species-associated-with-t75ndqdrgk.pdf

Occurrence of Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with grapevine dieback in Algeria

A field survey was conducted in Algeria to assess the state of dieback in some vineyards and identification the fungal pathogens associated with necrotic wood lesions. Field surveys conducted during spring seasons in 2006 and 2012 revealed that an average disease incidience was 25 % , the indice of disease severity varied of 0.5 2%, based on herbaceous symptoms. Some sections of wood cultivar, collected from four localities vine showed many kinds of necrosis, central sectoral(brown colour), necrosis sectoral(grey colour) and central light brown. Wood samples were collected and used for isolation and then placed on potato-dextrose (PDA) medium. The results showed that the presence of wood fungi mostly affected the vine trunk were isolated and the fungi were identified morphologically as Botryosphaeria species and Fomitiporia mediterranea.

/pdf/fungal-pathogens-associated-with-grapevine-wood-lesions-in-4me6ehft0e.pdf

Fungal pathogens associated with grapevine wood lesions in Algeria

A significant reduction in vine production has recently been recorded in several vine regions in Algeria due to the death (total or partial) of many vines and to the pulling of many vineyards that had showed too many symptoms of decline. This study was conducted during spring 2010 - 2012 to detect the responsible agents for this disease. Samples of grapevine wood were collected in five grapevine fields in two regions (Medea and Tipaza). A cross section of infected trunks revealed many types of necrosis: sectorial brown colored, central necrosis sectorial gray and light-brown central necrosis. Several fungi were isolated from the margin between healthy and diseased tissues. Eutypa lata and Fomitiporia mediterranae were identified fungi based on the morphological characteristics of the culture and confirmed by partial sequences analysis of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed Spacer (ITS). The sequences submitted in GenBank under accession number revealed 94-100% homology. F.mediterranae was the dominant species, followed by E. lata. Other fungal species (Alternaria, Fusarium, Pestolozzia, Botrytis, Rhizopus, and Penicillium) were also isolated with high frequency. Two kinds of fruiting structures were found where one type showed the presence of perithecia (sexual form) of Eutypa lata.

/pdf/diversity-of-fungal-trunk-pathogens-associated-with-53nswi5ayk.pdf

Diversity of Fungal Trunk Pathogens Associated with Grapevine Dieback of Grapevine in Algeria

This study was conducted during spring 2012 to detect the causal organism (s) responsible for a new grapevine dieback disease in Algeria. Samples of grapevine wood were collected from 10 grapevine fields located in two regions (Medea and Tipaza). Several fungi were isolated from the margin between healthy and diseased tissues. Botryosphaeria spp, were identified based on the morphological characteristics of the culture and confirmed by Beta tubulin (s-tubulin) region. The sequences submitted to the GenBank (NCBI) under accession numbers (KC960991)( HQ660477)( AY236931), revealed 99-100% homology. Other fungal species Entoleuca mammata and Rosellinia merrilli. were also isolated at low frequency. Inoculation In vitro of grapevine plantlets, with the two Botryosphaeriaceae species, produced smallest necrosis after five-week incubation; Botryosphaeria obtsusa (Diplodia seriata) were virulent compared with B. dothidea. The species tested were re-isolated from necrosis symptoms on infected plantlets .

https://journals.ju.edu.jo/JJAS/article/download/6145/4610

New Ascomycetes Associated with Grapevine Dieback in Algeria

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