This is the 30th annual review of the application of atomic spectrometry to the chemical analysis of environmental samples. This Update refers to papers published approximately between August 2013 and July 2014 and continues the series of Atomic Spectrometry Updates (ASUs) in environmental analysis that should be read in conjunction with other related ASUs in the series, namely: clinical and biological materials, foods and beverages, advances in atomic spectrometry and related techniques, elemental speciation,X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and the analysis of metals, chemicals and functional materials. In the field of air analysis, highlights within this review period included: the use of 3D printing technology for the rapid prototyping of new air sampler components; single particle ICP-MS studies; use of a new triple-quadrupole ICP-MS for the analysis of radioactive species and the use of FEG-SEM and IBA for the analysis of gun-shot residues. In the field of water analysis, methods continue to be developed: for the extraction and preconcentration of elements; speciation of As, Cr, Hg and Sb forms and determination of elemental constituents in colloidal and NP fractions. Instrumental developments reported include the use of MC-ICP-MS for isotopic tracer studies and a review of XRF techniques and associated preconcentration procedures for trace element analysis. Many articles featuring the analysis of plants and soils appeared but, as usual, most focused on environmental applications rather than the advancement of atomic spectrometry. There have, however, been interesting developments, such as the almost bewildering increase in types of micro-extraction for analyte preconcentration and the resurgence of CS-AAS. Clearly LIBS is maturing rapidly, with soil analysis becoming more routine in nature. Also notable was the way the accident at the Fukishima-Daiichi nuclear power plant triggered development of analytical methods for the assessment of contamination in the surrounding area. Recent research indicates that geological applications still drives many of the instrumental and methodological advances in LA-ICP-MS. Fundamental studies continue to shed light on the processes involved and hence ways of improving the analysis of laser-produced aerosols. The preparation of NP powders for the production of matrix-matched RMs for microanalytical techniques such as LA-ICP-MS and SIMS showed great promise for addressing one of the major issues when analysing geological materials by these techniques. Steady advances in MC-ICP-MS methodology is feeding through to applications in isotope geochemistry, while new SIMS instrumentation is being directed towards probing fine growth structures in biogenic carbonates and inferring past climate conditions from their geochemistry. Feedback on this review is most welcome and the review coordinator can be contacted using the email address provided.

/pdf/atomic-spectrometry-update-a-review-of-advances-in-2r8uzbiose.pdf

Atomic spectrometry update – a review of advances in environmental analysis

This review covers publications from the second half of 2016 to the middle of 2017. Techniques and applications relevant to clinical and biological materials, foods and beverages are discussed in the text, presenting the key aspects of the work referenced, while the tables provide a summary of the publications considered. Further to the observations made in the 2017 Update, we have noted the increase in publications featuring nanomaterials. Topics relate to exposure and absorption of nanoparticles; potential toxicity, use as reagents in analytical methods and the analysis or characterisation of these materials. A growing number of techniques are being applied to bio-imaging. In particular, those involving XRF spectrometry are being applied to a large range of biological sample types. A gradual trend during recent years, that is now quite apparent, has been the increasing proportion of publications that involve foods and beverages compared with clinical samples. Not necessarily related, but another trend is the growing number of reports from laboratories in the Republic of China.

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in the analysis of clinical and biological materials, foods and beverages

The energy transition challenges faced by modern civilization have significantly enhanced the demand for critical metals like lithium resulting in improved methods to explore, extract, and utilize these metals. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the different types of lithium resources, factors, and mechanisms controlling lithium enrichment in various geological settings including terrestrial and marine environments. Diverse exploration strategies including geological, geophysical, mineralogical, geochemical, and remote sensing techniques including drone-based techniques for lithium exploration studies in different terranes are summarized. An overview of the mining techniques, including beneficiation and extraction, and their principles, mechanisms, operations, and comparison of the various approaches and compatibility with different types of lithium deposits for obtaining maximum yield are evaluated. Lithium isotopic studies are useful in understanding geological processes such as past weathering events and riverine input into the oceans, as well as in understanding the source of lithium in diverse types of deposits. We also highlight the recent developments in other areas such as recycling, environmental impact, and state-of-the-art analytical techniques for determining lithium in different lithium ore deposits and other geological materials. Our overview provides the latest developments and insights in the various sectors related to lithium and prompt further developments to meet the growing demand for this valuable metal as the world transforms to clean energy. 

Lithium: A review of applications, occurrence, exploration, extraction, rercycling, analysis, and environmental impact

In this review we attempt to provide a brief account of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) methodology and technological developments. We also summarise various methods adopted for exploiting LIBS. Besides, a brief overview of combination of LIBS in conjunction with other methods is also given.

/pdf/review-on-laser-induced-breakdown-spectroscopy-methodology-172cb899.pdf

Review on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: methodology and technical developments

This review covers advances in the analysis of air, water, plants, soils and geological materials by a range of atomic spectrometric techniques including atomic emission, absorption, fluorescence and mass spectrometry. 

/pdf/atomic-spectrometry-update-a-review-of-advances-in-gds7itzr.pdf

As the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic persists, methods that can quickly and reliably confirm infection and immune status is extremely urgently and critically needed. In this contribution we show that combining laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) with machine learning can distinguish plasma of donors who previously tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR from those who did not, with up to 95% accuracy. The samples were also analyzed by LIBS-ICP-MS in tandem mode, implicating a depletion of Zn and Ba in samples of SARS-CoV-2 positive subjects that inversely correlate with CN lines in the LIBS spectra. 

/pdf/laser-induced-breakdown-spectroscopy-for-the-rapid-detection-14f647h7.pdf

Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 immune response in plasma

The analysis of volcanic brines by freezing stage tandem LIBS-ICP-MS

Amalgamation of plagioclase crystal populations from the magmatic system beneath the volcanic island, Saba

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Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 immune response in plasma

The analysis of volcanic brines by freezing stage tandem LIBS-ICP-MS

Amalgamation of plagioclase crystal populations from the magmatic system beneath the volcanic island, Saba