The modified Rankin scale (mRS) at 3 months is established as the primary outcome measure in clinical stroke trials. Traditionally, the mRS is assessed through an unstructured face-to-face interview. This approach can be labor-intensive and lead to suboptimal inter-rater reliability. Recently, the Covid-19 pandemic made face-to-face contact even more challenging. To address these issues, we developed and validated a structured German-language questionnaire for mRS testing by telephone.In this prospective cohort study, we compared the mRS testing results of the standard face-to-face interview with those obtained in a structured interview by telephone using Cohen's Kappa.At our tertiary care stroke center, we included 108 patients who underwent both assessments. In 80.6% of cases (87/108) face-to-face and telephone interview reached identical scores. Linear weighted Kappa was 0.82 (p < 0.001). Unweighted Kappa for dichotomized mRS between fair (0-2) and poor (3-6) functional outcome was κ = 0.97 (p < 0.001).Our study validates the use of the German-language structured telephone interview as a reliable instrument for the use in clinical trials. We encourage others to utilize the questionnaire. It is available as an Appendix (Additional file 1) to this publication. 

pdf/validation-of-a-german-language-modified-rankin-scale-75v0surjy9.pdf

Validation of a German-language modified Rankin Scale structured telephone interview at 3 months in a real-life stroke cohort

Background: This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and psychometrically validate the PROMIS Anxiety Short Form 8a item bank into Arabic for the general population of Saudi Arabia. Methods: The PROMIS Anxiety Short Form was translated according to the FACIT group method. Second, psychometric validation was conducted on a convenience sample of 322 participants (mean age, 26 ± 10.4 years; predominantly female) from the general population in Saudi Arabia. Rasch analysis (Winsteps® version 5.6.1) was used to examine category functioning, item fit, the person separation index, item difficulty, unidimensionality, and local dependency. Results: Translation and cultural adaptation demonstrated that most of the items were culturally suitable and conveyed the same underlying concepts as the original scale. The five response categories of the scale satisfied the category functioning criteria, and all items fit the underlying construct, with the exception of one item that demonstrated a misfit. The item difficulty demonstrated poor targeting for the sample population; however, the person separation index and reliability were good (2.67 and 0.88, respectively) and no local dependency was noted. Conclusions: The Arabic translation of PROMIS-A SF8a demonstrated good structural validity and psychometrics, making it a valuable tool for screening anxiety in Arabic-speaking populations. The application of this outcome measure shows promise for healthcare professionals and patients alike, as it contributes to the provision of high-quality care and formulation of appropriate treatment plans.

Arabic Translation and Rasch Validation of PROMIS Anxiety Short Form among General Population in Saudi Arabia

<title>Abstract</title> Background The consortium project INTEGRATE-ADHD examines differences between administrative and epidemiologically parent-reported Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnostic data of children and adolescents in Germany. Therefore, parents of youths with an administrative ADHD diagnoses were surveyed using the questionnaires of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) and a subsample was clinically examined. Methods Parents of children and adolescents insured with the third largest German statutory health insurance DAK-Gesundheit with at least one confirmed administrative ADHD diagnosis in one quarter of the insurance year 2020 were surveyed online. The epidemiological questionnaire contained information on ADHD diagnosis, disorder-specific and comorbid psychopathology, health care utilisation, quality and satisfaction with care, risk and protective factors, and health-related quality of life. A subsample participated in a guideline-based clinical online assessment. Administrative, epidemiological and clinical data were linked on person-level. Results A total of <italic>n =</italic> 5,461 parents of children and adolescents with an administratively documented ADHD diagnosis (mean age = 12.5 years, 25.4% girls) responded to the online questionnaire (response rate: 21.5%). A representative subsample consisting of 202 families participated in the clinical online assessment. In 201 children and adolescents, it was possible to determine whether ADHD was clinically present. Conclusion Combining administrative, epidemiological and clinical ADHD diagnostic data on person-level, the consortium project INTEGRATE-ADHD offers an innovative and unique data-linkage approach that will provide a better understanding of the meaning and validity of ADHD prevalence data originating from various data sources. In addition, information on treatment satisfaction in affected child and adolescents and their families and potential deficits of health care in the context of ADHD as well as disorder-related direct health care costs may be derived. 

The consortium project INTEGRATE-ADHD - Comparison and integration of administrative and epidemiological ADHD diagnostic data by clinical assessment: study description and sample characteristics

Purpose: This study aimed to provide Arabic-speaking individuals with tools to assess their cognitive abilities and physical function and to contribute to a better understanding of these capabilities in this population. Thus, the specific objective was to translate into Arabic and culturally adapt two Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) item banks: the Adult Cognitive Function Abilities and the Physical Function for Samples with Mobility Aid Users item banks. This study employed the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) multilingual translation methodology to ensure cultural and linguistic relevance. The translation process included forward and back translations, expert reviews, and finalisation by a language coordinator. Cognitive debriefing interviews were conducted with 30 native healthy Arabic speakers to assess the clarity and comprehension of translated items. Most items were well understood, but two items related to cognitive ability and four related to physical functions required revision to address participant confusion. The translations were refined based on the participants’ feedback and expert recommendations. This study followed a rigorous translation process and included cognitive debriefing interviews to ensure linguistic and cultural equivalence. The availability of these tools in Arabic enhances cross-cultural research and practice in healthcare and contributes to a global understanding of cognitive and physical functions.

Translation and Cultural Adaptation into Arabic of Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System® Item Banks: Cognitive Function Abilities and Physical Function for Samples with Mobility Aid Users

The present study aimed at the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of six PROMIS® pediatric self- and proxy- item banks and short forms to universal German: anxiety (ANX), anger (ANG), depressive symptoms (DEP), Fatigue (FAT), pain interference (P) and peer relationships (PR).Using standardized methodology approved by the PROMIS Statistical Center and in line with recommendations of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) PRO Translation Task Force, two translators for each German-speaking country (Germany, Austria, and Switzerland) commented on and rated the translation difficulty and provided forward translations, followed by a review and reconciliation phase. An independent translator performed back translations, which were reviewed and harmonized. The items were tested in cognitive interviews with 58 children and adolescents from Germany (16), Austria (22), and Switzerland (20) for the self-report and 42 parents and other caregivers (Germany (12), Austria (17), and Switzerland (13)) for the proxy-report.Translators rated the translation difficulty of most items (95%) as easy or feasible. Pretesting showed that items of the universal German version were understood as they were intended, as only 14 out of 82 items of the self-report and 15 out of 82 items of the proxy-report versions required minor rewording. However, on average German translators rated the items more difficult to translate (M = 1.5, SD = 0.20) than the Austrian (M = 1.3, SD = 0.16) and the Swiss translators (M = 1.2, SD = 0.14) on a three-point Likert scale.The translated German short forms are ready for use by researchers and clinicians ( https://www.healthmeasures.net/search-view-measures ).A multitude of questionnaires exist, which are not comparable due to different questions or no available translations. PROMIS is an initiative, which was funded by the National Institute of Health in the US, to build better, i.e., more precise and efficient questionnaires, which can be used and compared worldwide. The PROMIS questionnaires include paper-and-pencil short forms and computerized adaptive tests. So far numerous PROMIS surveys have been created using advanced methodologies. They can be used by health care professionals to assess different aspects of health and compare the results internationally. To allow for international comparability of studies using those questionnaires, they need to be translated. This study reports the thorough translation process of the US-American PROMIS® questionnaires measuring anxiety, anger, depressive symptoms, fatigue, pain interference, and peer relationships in children and adolescents into German. The translation included researchers, children, and parents from Germany, Austria, and Switzerland to ensure that the final German version is fully and equally well understood in all of those German-speaking countries. The article describes the translation process, so that the user can understand the translations and use them in an informed way. The translated German questionnaires are ready for use by researchers and clinicians. ( https://www.healthmeasures.net/search-view-measures ). 

/pdf/german-translation-of-the-promis-r-pediatric-anxiety-anger-31h8pck3.pdf

German translation of the PROMIS® pediatric anxiety, anger, depressive symptoms, fatigue, pain interference and peer relationships item banks

Two decades of loneliness among children and adolescents: longitudinal trends, risks and resources - Results from the German BELLA and COPSY studies.

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German translation of the PROMIS® pediatric anxiety, anger, depressive symptoms, fatigue, pain interference and peer relationships item banks

Two decades of loneliness among children and adolescents: longitudinal trends, risks and resources - Results from the German BELLA and COPSY studies.