http://blogs.cae.tntech.edu/hydration-kinetics/files/2009/08/julliland_04_quebec_hydration-mechanism.pdf

Dissolution theory applied to the induction period in alite hydration

Non-destructive techniques as a tool for the protection of built cultural heritage

This annual review of X-ray fluorescence covers developments over the period 1999–2000 in instrumentation and detectors, matrix correction and spectrum analysis software, X-ray optics and microfluorescence, synchrotron XRF, TXRF, portable XRF and on-line applications as assessed from the published literature. The review also includes a survey of applications, covering sample preparation, geological, environmental, archaeological, forensic, biological, clinical, thin films, chemical state and speciation studies. During the current review period, further advances have taken place in the development of high resolution semiconductor detectors and in the design and application of XRF instrumentation for space and planetary research. Overall, the papers reviewed here again confirm the important contribution the XRF technique makes to a wide range of scientific endeavour.

X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

Surface strength and mineralogy of weathering crusts on limestone buildings in Budapest

Chemical relations between atmospheric aerosols, deposition and stone decay layers on historic buildings at the mediterranean coast

Origin and growth of weathering crusts on ancient marbles in industrial atmosphere

Summary- The cathedral of Bari (Italy), located in the central part of the southern coast of Europe and exposed to a marine environment influenced by anthropogenic activities, was chosen to study the influence of the surrounding atmosphere on the decay of the monwnent. Extensive sanlpling of aerosols and of wet and dry depositi(JT1 was carried out during more than one year. Stone crust samples were collected from the outside of the building, while inside the monument, efflorescences and weathered stones were also investigated. Various analytical techniques (ion chromatography, atOinic absorption and atomic enlission spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence and scanning electron In icroscopy) were used to characterize the chel1zical composition of the samples. The data sets were combined to interpret the stone decay pheno111ena.Outside the building, stone deterioration can mainly be related to pollution effects, while inside the building, the weathering of the stones seems to be mostly due to marine salts.

The cathedral of bari, italy: evaluation of environmental effects on stone decay phenomena

Techniques and methodology for the preservation and environmental management of historic complexes: the case of the medieval city of Rhodos

Study of environmental effects on deterioration of monuments: case study the cathedral of Bari, Italy

The threat to the heritage and in particular to the building materials (stone, mortars, bricks etc.) is growing due to the intensive increase of the atmospheric pollution, urbanization, industry and tourism, as well as due to inappropriate conservation treatments applied. The weathering of monuments could be considered as an interaction between the building materials and the acting environmental factors. Interest focuses on the interface between materials and the environment rather than on any intrinsic process [Baer, 19891].

Digital Image Processing for Weathering Analysis and Planning of Conservation Interventions on Historic Structures and Complexes

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