Ti-based alloys are finding ever-increasing applications in biomaterials due to their excellent mechanical, physical and biological performance. Nowdays, low modulus β-type Ti-based alloys are still being developed. Meanwhile, porous Ti-based alloys are being developed as an alternative orthopedic implant material, as they can provide good biological fixation through bone tissue ingrowth into the porous network. This paper focuses on recent developments of biomedical Ti-based alloys. It can be divided into four main sections. The first section focuses on the fundamental requirements titanium biomaterial should fulfill and its market and application prospects. This section is followed by discussing basic phases, alloying elements and mechanical properties of low modulus β-type Ti-based alloys. Thermal treatment, grain size, texture and properties in Ti-based alloys and their limitations are dicussed in the third section. Finally, the fourth section reviews the influence of microstructural configurations on mechanical properties of porous Ti-based alloys and all known methods for fabricating porous Ti-based alloys. This section also reviews prospects and challenges of porous Ti-based alloys, emphasizing their current status, future opportunities and obstacles for expanded applications. Overall, efforts have been made to reveal the latest scenario of bulk and porous Ti-based materials for biomedical applications.

/pdf/new-developments-of-ti-based-alloys-for-biomedical-1vs3nsqg8x.pdf

New Developments of Ti-Based Alloys for Biomedical Applications

Quantifying the effect of porosity on the evolution of deformation and damage in Sn-based solder joints by X-ray microtomography and microstructure-based finite element modeling

Porous titanium with average pore size of 100-650 μm and porosity of 30-70% was fabricated by diffusion bonding of titanium meshes. Pore structure was characterized by Micro-CT scan and SEM. Compressive behavior of porous titanium in the out-of-plane direction was studied. The effect of porosity and pore size on the compressive properties was also discussed based on the deformation mode. The results reveal that the fabrication process can control the porosity precisely. The average pore size of porous titanium can be tailored by adjusting the pore size of titanium meshes. The fabricated porous titanium possesses an anisotropic structure with square pores in the in-plane direction and elongated pores in the out-of-plane direction. The compressive Young's modulus and yield stress are in the range of 1-7.5 GPa and 10-110 MPa, respectively. The dominant compressive deformation mode is buckling of mesh wires, but some uncoordinated buckling is present in porous titanium with lower porosity. Relationship between compressive properties and porosity conforms well to the Gibson-Ashby model. The effect of pore size on compressive properties is fundamentally ascribed to the aspect ratio of titanium meshes. Porous titanium with 60-70% porosity has potential for trabecular bone implant applications.

Fabrication, pore structure and compressive behavior of anisotropic porous titanium for human trabecular bone implant applications.

Mechanical behaviors of porous Ti with high porosity and large pore size prepared by one-step spark plasma sintering technique

In this study, the mechanical, antibacterial properties and cell toxicity response of Ti-5Al2.5Fe alloy with different copper contents were investigated. The alloys were prepared by high-energy ball milling using elemental Ti, Al, Fe, and Cu powders and consolidated by a uniaxial vacuum hot press. Staphylococcus aureus strain ATCC 29213 and Escherichia coli strain ATCC 25922 were used to determine the antibacterial properties of the sintered alloys. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the samples was evaluated with HeLa (ATTC, CCL-2) cells using thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide. The mechanical behavior of the samples was determined as a function of hardness and bending tests and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, optical microscopy and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the Cu content significantly improved the antibacterial properties. Cu addition prevented the formation of E. coli and S. aureus colonies on the surface of the samples. All samples exhibited very good cell biocompatibility. The alloys with different copper contents showed different mechanical properties, and the results were correlated by microstructural and XRD analyses in detail. Our results showed that Cu has a great effect on the Ti5Al2.5Fe alloy and the alloy is suitable for biomedical applications with enhanced antibacterial activity.

Production and mechanical properties of Ti-5Al-2.5Fe-xCu alloys for biomedical applications.

Porous Ti with the porosity of 50% and the average pore size of 200 μm was prepared by powder metallurgy technique using polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as space holder. The microstructure, tensile deformation and final fracture behavior were investigated. Porous Ti reveals two kinds of pores: open interpenetrated macro-pores in the range of 30–260 μm and micro-pores with the average size of 9 ± 2 μm. The stepped surface of macro-pores consists of polygons with angles of 30°, 60° or 90°. The ultimate tensile strength of porous Ti is 81 MPa. Porous Ti fails with the formation of shear bands at 45° to the tensile axis. The cracking of the struts on porous Ti is controlled primarily by the macro-pores. Fractography shows evidence of the brittle cleavage fracture in porous Ti. The failure mechanism has been discussed by taking the intrinsic microstructural features into consideration.

Effect of microstructure on the tensile property of porous Ti produced by powder metallurgy technique

Abstract In this study, the microstructure and mechanical properties of a Cu-rich multiple-principal-element alloy with the composition (Cu50Ni20Cr20Mn10)95Al5 (at.%) were investigated. It was found that after 900 °C/1 h annealing process, the as-cast alloy has achieved promising mechanical properties with a yield stress of 510 MPa, an ultimate tensile stress of 820 MPa and tensile elongation of 30 %. These properties are superior to those of traditional nickel–aluminum bronze (NAB) alloys. Moreover, the as-annealed alloy exhibited much better anti-corrosion properties with respect to the NBA alloys. Transmission electron microscopy observations showed that high-number-density nano-scaled L12-type ordered particles have precipitated in the Cu-rich phase after heat treatment and this was regarded as the main mechanism responsible for the enhancement of yield stress.

Investigation on an anti-corrosion Cu-rich multiple-principal-element alloy strengthened and toughened by nano-scaled L12-type ordered particles

The CC 5005 aluminum alloy was cold-rolled to different reductions and then annealed at 537 °C for 1 h under different pressures. The changes in microstructure, mechanical property and texture were investigated. The results showed that high-pressure heat treatment significantly refines the recrystallized grain, and the refinement effect is enhanced with increasing rolling reduction. The grain refinement leads to an increase in yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and hardness of the CC 5005 annealed sheet, but a decrease in elongation. The high-pressure heat treatment also has a significant effect on the recrystallization texture. High-pressure heat treatment improves the intensities of the cube and the R textures in the fully recrystallized sheets with the same reduction. The intensity of the cube texture gradually decreases, while that of the R texture gradually increases with increasing rolling reduction. 

Effect of high-pressure heat treatment on the recrystallization and recrystallization texture of CC 5005 aluminum alloy

While the growth of germanene has been claimed on many substrates, the exact crystal structures remain controversial. Here, we systematically explore the possible structures formed by Ge deposition onto Al(111) surface by combining density-functional theory (DFT) and global optimization algorithm. We show that, by high level random-phase approximation (RPA) calculations, the formation of germanene on Al(111) is energetically unfavorable with positive formation energy. The two experimental phases are identified as honeycomb alloys Al 3 Ge 3 /Al(111)( √7 × √7 ) and Al 3 Ge 4 /Al(111)(3 × 3), by combining ab initio evolutionary simulations, RPA calculations, and available experimental data from scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). Al 3 Ge 4 /Al(111)(3×3) is an interesting structure with a vacancy in the substrate, which accounts for the dark clover pattern in the experimental STM image. Our results clarify the structural controversy of the Ge/Al(111) system and indicate the fabrication of germanene may remain challenging.

Identifying the alloy structures of germanene grown on Al(111)

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

F. Yan

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Effect of microstructure on the tensile property of porous Ti produced by powder metallurgy technique

Investigation on an anti-corrosion Cu-rich multiple-principal-element alloy strengthened and toughened by nano-scaled L12-type ordered particles

Effect of high-pressure heat treatment on the recrystallization and recrystallization texture of CC 5005 aluminum alloy

Identifying the alloy structures of germanene grown on Al(111)