This paper will include discussions on fundamental principles and market forces associated with the
upcoming revolution in ultrasonic guided waves. A literature survey is also outlined covering some selected
major developments this past decade. A few applications in pipe, rail, bonding and composites, imaging and
tomography, ultrasonic vibration, de-icing, structural health monitoring, gas entrapment, and non-linear
methods are treated to provide an idea of where we are heading with ultrasonic guided waves.

/pdf/the-upcoming-revolution-in-ultrasonic-guided-waves-flqfcxi9f8.pdf

The upcoming revolution in ultrasonic guided waves

A new ultrasonic vibration method has been developed for damage detection in composite aircraft components. The method is based on controlled vibrations introduced by special annular array actuators at ultrasonic frequency ranges that are above 20 kHz. It has been demonstrated that by applying different phase delays to the annular array elements and using different driving frequencies, one can use the annular array actuators to change the controlled vibrations introduced to a composite component. The controlled vibrations appear to have different sensitivity to different damage types and also boundary condition variations. Special loading functions in terms of different combinations of driving frequencies and phase delays have been identified for the detection of certain damage types in example aircraft composite components. Excellent damage sensitivity has been achieved.

Ultrasonic Vibration Method for Damage Detection in Composite Aircraft Components

Magnetostrictive steady-state guided wave testing technique for defect detection in pipes

Vibration modal analysis and ultrasonic guided wave tests are two commonly used defect detection techniques for Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) and Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). Each technique has its unique technical merits and also limitations. In this paper, we discuss a new high frequency ultrasonic vibration test method that is developed to bridge the conventional low frequency vibration analysis together with ultrasonic guided wave techniques. The new ultrasonic vibration modal analysis technique (UMAT) takes advantage of the high defect detection sensitivity of ultrasonic guided waves, and at the same time, requires only a minimum number of testing points to cover a large structure, as can be achieved in low frequency vibration analysis. Time delay annular array actuators that are capable of tuning guided wave modes and frequencies are applied to introduce controlled high frequency vibrations to structures being tested. The defect detection sensitivity of the controlled vibrations depends on the sensitivity of the input guided wave modes and frequencies, which is associated with the displacement and stress wave structures of the guided waves. By looking at the vibration patterns and the resonant frequencies under guided wave mode and frequency tuning based on wave structure considerations, high defect detection sensitivity is achieved.

Ultrasonic Vibration Modal Analysis Technique (UMAT) for Defect Detection

Structural health monitoring (SHM) is considered an effective approach to analyze the efficient working of several mechanical components.For this purpose, ultrasonic guided waves can cover long-distance and assess large infrastructures in just a single test using a small number of transducers.However, the working of the SHM mechanism can be affected by some sources of variations (i.e., environmental).To improve the final results of ultrasonic guided wave inspections, it is necessary to highlight and attenuate these environmental variations.The loading parameters, temperature and humidity have been recognized as the core environmental sources of variations that affect the SHM sensing mechanism.Environmental temperature has the most significant influence on SHM results.There is still a need for extensive research to develop such a damage inspection approach that should be insensitive to environmental temperature variations.In this framework, the current research study will not only illuminate the effect of environmental temperature through different intelligent approaches but also suggest the standard mechanism to attenuate it in actual ultrasonic guided wave based SHM.Hence, the work presented in this article addresses one of the open research challenges that are the identification of the effect of environmental and operating conditions in practical applications of ultrasonic guided waves and impedance-based SHM. 

Study of Intelligent Approaches to Identify Impact of Environmental Temperature on Ultrasonic GWs Based SHM: A Review

A new ultrasonic vibration technique is presented to bridge the gap between ultrasonic wave propagation and modal analysis vibration methods, both used in Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) and Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). The technique is fast; only one sender and a few receiver locations are necessary; defect-detection potential sizes are somewhere between what is expected for the ultrasonic guided wave and modal analysis methods. Sections of an odd shaped test component can be completely hidden or covered. Only a small area must be accessible. It is shown that sensitivity is based on a carefully selected ultrasonic loading function in utilizing the principles of waves and vibrations. Phase velocity dispersion curves, wave structures, reflection factor analysis and classical modal analyses are essential in the work efforts. Sample FEM and experimental results are presented for isotropic metals and anisotropic composite materials to demonstrate the concept. Excellent results are obtained. Future directions are also discussed.

Ultrasonic guided wave Modal Analysis Technique(UMAT) for defect detection

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Ultrasonic guided wave Modal Analysis Technique(UMAT) for defect detection