Design and Initial Performance of the Askaryan Radio Array Prototype EeV Neutrino Detector at the South Pole

Updated predictions are presented for high energy neutrino and antineutrino charged and neutral current cross-sections within the conventional DGLAP formalism of NLO QCD using modern PDF fits. PDF uncertainties from model assumptions and parametrization bias are considered in addition to the experimental uncertainties. Particular attention is paid to assumptions and biases which could signal the need for extension of the conventional formalism to include effects such as ln(1/x) resummation or non-linear effects of high gluon density.

The high energy neutrino cross-section in the Standard Model and its uncertainty

Neutrino astronomy beyond the Sun was first imagined in the late 1950s; by the 1970s, it was realized that kilometer-scale neutrino detectors were required. The first such instrument, IceCube, is near completion and taking data. The IceCube project transforms a cubic kilometer of deep and ultra-transparent Antarctic ice into a particle detector. A total of 5,160 optical sensors are embedded into a gigaton of Antarctic ice to detect the Cherenkov light emitted by secondary particles produced when neutrinos interact with nuclei in the ice. Each optical sensor is a complete data acquisition system, including a phototube, digitization electronics, control and trigger systems and LEDs for calibration. The light patterns reveal the type (flavor) of neutrino interaction and the energy and direction of the neutrino, making neutrino astronomy possible. The scientific missions of IceCube include such varied tasks as the search for sources of cosmic rays, the observation of Galactic supernova explosions, the search for dark matter, and the study of the neutrinos themselves. These reach energies well beyond those produced with accelerator beams.

/pdf/invited-review-article-icecube-an-instrument-for-neutrino-1cpatyk8c4.pdf

Invited review article: IceCube: an instrument for neutrino astronomy.

The Pierre Auger Observatory has begun a major Upgrade of its already impressive capabilities, with an emphasis on improved mass composition determination using the surface detectors of the Observatory. Known as AugerPrime, the upgrade will include new 4 m$^2$ plastic scintillator detectors on top of all 1660 water-Cherenkov detectors, updated and more flexible surface detector electronics, a large array of buried muon detectors, and an extended duty cycle for operations of the fluorescence detectors. This Preliminary Design Report was produced by the Collaboration in April 2015 as an internal document and information for funding agencies. It outlines the scientific and technical case for AugerPrime. We now release it to the public via the arXiv server. We invite you to review the large number of fundamental results already achieved by the Observatory and our plans for the future.

The Pierre Auger Observatory Upgrade - Preliminary Design Report

This review provides an introduction to the radio emission by particle cascades, an overview on the various experiments, and explains methods for the radio measurement of air-shower properties. Furthermore, potential applications of the radio technique in high-energy astroparticle physics are discussed. Due to the successful operation of digital radio experiments and due to the improved quantitative understanding of the emission, radio detection is back on the list of promising techniques for extensive air showers. With a threshold of about 100 PeV radio detectors are particularly useful to study the highest-energy galactic cosmic rays and ultra-high-energy extragalactic particles of all types. Various antenna arrays like LOPES, CODALEMA, AERA, LOFAR, and Tunka-Rex have shown that radio measurements can compete in precision with other techniques, in particular for the arrival direction, the energy, and the position of the shower maximum. The scientific potential of the radio technique seems to be maximum in combination with particle detectors, which increases the total accuracy for air-shower measurements. This is crucial for a better separation of different primary particles, like gamma-ray photons, neutrinos, or different types of nuclei. In addition to air-showers the radio technique can be used for particle cascades in dense media. Several pioneering experiments like ARA, ARIANNA, and ANITA are currently searching for cascades induced by ultra-high-energy neutrinos in ice. Moreover, several future projects aim at both, high-energy cosmic-rays and neutrinos. SKA will search for neutrino and cosmic-ray initiated cascades in the lunar regolith and provide unprecedented detail for air-shower measurements. Finally, radio detectors with huge exposure like GRAND, SWORD, or EVA are being considered to study the highest energy cosmic rays and neutrinos.

Radio detection of Cosmic-Ray Air Showers and High-Energy Neutrinos

We report initial results of the first flight of the Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA-1) 2006-2007 Long Duration Balloon flight, which searched for evidence of a diffuse flux of cosmic neutrinos above energies of E{sub v} = 3 x 10{sup 18} eV. ANITA-1 flew for 35 days looking for radio impulses due to the Askaryan effect in neutrino-induced electromagnetic showers within the Antarctic ice sheets. We report here on our initial analysis, which was performed as a blind search of the data. No neutrino candidates are seen, with no detected physics background. We set model-independent limits based on this result. Upper limits derived from our analysis rule out the highest cosmogenic neutrino models. In a background horizontal-polarization channel, we also detect six events consistent with radio impulses from ultrahigh energy extensive air showers.

/pdf/new-limits-on-the-ultrahigh-energy-cosmic-neutrino-flux-from-1viskji7jk.pdf

New limits on the ultrahigh energy cosmic neutrino flux from the ANITA experiment.

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New limits on the ultrahigh energy cosmic neutrino flux from the ANITA experiment.