The basic concept and the status of currently operating ground-based array detectors for VHE gamma-ray astronomy will be presented and compared with imaging air Cherenkov telescopes. Also an outlook of future prospects will be given.

Gamma-ray astronomy with ground-based array detectors: status and perspectives

A new small array of Cherenkov detectors has been deployed in Tehran, 1200 m above sea level. This array contains four tanks of distilled water with a diameter of 64 cm and a height of 130 cm. The effective area of each tank is about 1382 cm 2 . They are used to detect air showers and to record the arrival time of the secondary particles. We have collected about 640000 extensive air showers (EAS) in 8298 h of observation time from November 2006 to October 2007. The distribution of air showers in zenith and azimuth angles has been studied and a cos n θ distribution with n = 6.02 ± 0.01 was obtained for the zenith angle distribution. An asymmetry has been observed in the azimuthal distribution of EAS of cosmic rays due to geomagnetic field. The first and second amplitudes of the asymmetry are AI = 0.183 ± 0.001 and AII = 0.038 ± 0.001. Since the recent results are in good agreement with our previous results of scintillation detectors, and tanks of distilled water are cheaper, we prefer to use them instead of scintillators in a future larger array. By simulation, we have improved the size of the detectors to yield the highest efficiency. The best dimensions for each tank with a photomultiplier tube in the center of its lid are 40 cm in diameter and 60 cm in height.

/pdf/instrumentation-development-for-an-array-of-water-cherenkov-1ffcyi542z.pdf

Instrumentation development for an array of water Cherenkov detectors for extensive air shower experiments

For the study of Cosmic Rays a simple and cheap prototype water detector has been developed. Besides the description of the detector element some measurements and performance data will be presented.

A study of a long water detector for cosmic-ray studies

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A study of a long water detector for cosmic-ray studies