KAATSU training is a novel training, which is performed under conditions of restricted blood flow. It can induce a variety of beneficial effects such as increased muscle strength, and it has been adopted by a number of facilities in recent times. The purpose of the present study is to know the present state of KAATSU training in Japan and examine the incidence of adverse events in the field. The data were obtained from KAATSU leaders or instructors in a total of 105 out of 195 facilities where KAATSU training has been adopted. Based on survey results, 12,642 persons have received KAATSU training (male 45.4%, female 54.6%). KAATSU training has been applied to all generations of people including the young ( 80 years old). The most popular purpose of KAATSU training is to strengthen muscle in athletes and to promote the health of subjects, including the elderly. It has been also applied to various kinds of physical conditions, cerebrovascular diseases, orthopedic diseases, obesity, cardiac diseases, neuromuscular diseases, diabetes, hypertension and respiratory diseases. In KAATSU training, various types of exercise modalities (physical exercise, walking, cycling, and weight training) are used. Most facilities have used 5-30 min KAATSU training each time, and performed it 1-3 times a week. Approximately 80% of the facilities are satisfied with the results of KAATSU training with only small numbers of complications reported. The incidence of side effects was as follows; venous thrombus (0.055%), pulmonary embolism (0.008%) and rhabdomyolysis (0.008%). These results indicate that the KAATSU training is a safe and promising method for training athletes and healthy persons, and can also be applied to persons with various physical conditions.

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ijktr/2/1/2_1_5/_pdf

Use and safety of KAATSU training:Results of a national survey

/pdf/jcs-jacr-2021-guideline-on-rehabilitation-in-patients-with-rd37pl38.pdf

JCS/JACR 2021 Guideline on Rehabilitation in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of 4 weeks of low-intensity resistance training with blood-flow occlusion on upper and lower body muscular hypertrophy and muscular strength in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division IA football players. There were 32 subjects (average age 19.2 ± 1.8 years) who were randomized to an occlusion group or control group. The athletes performed 4 sets of bench press and squat in the following manner with or without occlusion: 30 repetitions of 20% predetermined 1 repetition maximum (1RM), followed by 3 sets of 20 repetitions at 20% 1RM. Each set was separated by 45 seconds. The training duration was 3 times per week, after the completion of regular off-season strength training. Data collected included health history, resting blood pressure, pretraining and posttraining bench press and squat 1RM, upper and lower chest girths, upper and lower arm girths, thigh girth, height, and body mass. The increases in bench press and squat 1RM (7.0 and 8.0%, respectively), upper and lower chest girths (3 and 3%, respectively), and left upper arm girth were significantly greater in the experiment group (p < 0.05). Occlusion training could provide additional benefits to traditional strength training to improve muscular hypertrophy and muscular strength in collegiate athletes.

Occlusion training increases muscular strength in division IA football players.

The blood flow response to relative levels of blood flow restriction (BFR) across varying cuff widths is not well documented. With the variety of cuff widths and pressures reported in the literature, the effects of different cuffs and pressures on blood flow require investigation. To measure blood pressure using three commonly used BFR cuffs, examine possible venous/arterial restriction pressures, and measure hemodynamic responses to relative levels of BFR using these same cuffs. 43 participants (Experiment 1, brachial artery blood pressure assessed) and 38 participants (Experiment 2, brachial artery blood flow assessed using ultrasound, cuff placed at proximal portion of arm) volunteered for this study. Blood pressure measurement was higher in the 5 cm cuff than in the 10 and 12 cm cuffs. Sub-diastolic relative pressures appear to occur predominantly at 70% of AOP) are surpassed. Calculated mean shear rate decreases in a similar fashion as blood flow. Under relative levels of restriction, pressures from 40 to 90% of AOP appear to decrease blood flow to a similar degree in these three cuffs. Relative pressures appear to elicit a similar blood flow stimulus when accounting for cuff width and participant characteristics.

A tale of three cuffs: the hemodynamics of blood flow restriction

Bennett, H and Slattery, F. Effects of blood flow restriction training on aerobic capacity and performance: A systematic review. J Strength Cond Res 33(2): 572-583, 2019-Blood flow restriction (BFR) is a novel training method that can elicit training adaptations at low training intensities. Recent research has aimed to determine the effect of aerobic exercise with BFR on aerobic fitness and performance, with conflicting results. This review aimed to systematically identify and assess studies that have combined BFR with aerobic exercise in humans, establishing its effect on aerobic fitness and performance. Five databases (Medline, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, CINHAL, and ScienceDirect) were searched. Two authors independently conducted all searches and reviewed all abstracts, determining article suitability. The Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies was used to assess risk of bias in each study. Fourteen studies were included for analysis. Blood flow restriction aerobic exercise increased measures of aerobic fitness and performance in younger adults when using occlusion pressures ≥130 mm Hg. In older adults, measures of aerobic performance improved; however, measures of aerobic fitness remained unchanged. These findings must be interpreted with caution because methodological limitations were present in all trials. Short-term BFR aerobic exercise seems to offer a valid method of improving aerobic performance and fitness in healthy adults when using occlusion pressures ≥130 mm Hg. Conversely, it seems to strictly enhance aerobic performance in older adults without impacting aerobic fitness, potentially suggesting different mechanisms of adaptation between older and younger individuals. Despite methodological limitations, BFR aerobic exercise seems to have applications in scenarios where high-intensity aerobic exercise is not appropriate, although more high-quality research is needed to further demonstrate this.

Effects of Blood Flow Restriction Training on Aerobic Capacity and Performance: A Systematic Review

KAATSU training is a novel method for strength training to induce muscle strength and hypertrophy. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the hemodynamic and autonomic nervous responses to the restriction of femoral blood flow by KAATSU. Ultrasonography, echocardiography and impedance cardiography were performed in ten healthy male volunteers aged 34 ± 1.5 before (pre), during and after (post) pressurization on both legs with KAATSU belts placed around proximal portion of both legs. The parameters measured were as follows; the superficial femoral arterial blood flow, left ventricular end-diastolic/systolic dimension (LVDd/LVDs), cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), diameter of inferior vena cava (IVC), heart rate (HR), mean blood pressure (mBP), total peripheral resistance (TPR) and heart rate variability (HRV). The pressurization on both legs with KAATSU suppressed venous blood flow, and markedly induced pooling of blood into the legs with pressure-dependent reduction of femoral arterial blood flow. The application of 200 mmHg KAATSU decreased femoral arterial blood flow, LVDd, CO, SV and IVC significantly. HR tended to increase, and TPR increased significantly, but mBP did not change significantly. In addition, high frequency (HFRR), a marker of parasympathetic activity, decreased during KAATSU, while LFRR/HFRR, a quantitative marker of sympathetic autonomic nervous activity, increased significantly. These results indicate that the application of KAATSU on both legs induces venous pooling in the legs, and then inhibits venous return. The reduction of venous return causes a decrease of IVC diameter, cardiac size and stroke volume with an increase in TPR and LFRR/HFRR. Thus, the KAATSU training appears to become a useful method for potential countermeasure like lower body negative pressure (LBNP) against orthostatic intolerance for long-term bed rest or space flight as well as strength training to induce muscle strength and hypertrophy.

/pdf/hemodynamic-and-autonomic-nervous-responses-to-the-3t0z0d9868.pdf

Hemodynamic and autonomic nervous responses to the restriction of femoral blood flow by KAATSU

KAATSU training induces muscle hypertrophy and strengthens muscle in athletes and healthy subjects through short-term and low-intensity exercise. However, it remains uninvestigated whether lowintensity KAATSU resistance training (LIKRT) induces muscle strength and hypertrophy in patients with cardiovascular diseases. We examined the effects of LIKRT on skeletal muscle size/strength and endurance capacity in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). Seven male patients with stable IHD performed three kinds of resistance exercises (leg press, leg curl and leg extension) with their femoral muscle blood flow restricted by KAATSU belt two times/week for three months. We measured one RM (1-RM) in each resistance exercises, and evaluated muscle cross-sectional areas (CSA) by MRI before training and after the training. We used cardiopulmonary examinations to measure endurance capacity (Peak VO2 (VO2peak), VO2 at anaerobic threshold (VO2AT)). We performed blood sampling to measure resting plasma level of insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and serum high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP). LIKRT significantly increased leg press (15%), leg curl (18%) and leg extension (17%) 1-RM strength. Increases of muscle CSA in quadriceps femoris at the proximal lower leg (30%), the mid-thigh (50%), and the proximal lower leg (70%) were 5.1%, 4.6% and 10.4%, respectively. Similarly, hamstring and adductor CSA were also increased by LIKRT. LIKRT significantly increased VO2peak and VO2AT by 10.7% and 10.9%, respectively. IGF-1 and hsCRP were not altered before or after the training. These results suggest that LIKRT increases muscle strength/mass and endurance capacity in patients with IHD. LIKRT appears to be a promising and effective resistance method in cardiac rehabilitation.

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ijktr/6/1/6_1_1/_pdf

Effects of low-intensity KAATSU resistance training on skeletal muscle size/strength and endurance capacity in patients with ischemic heart disease

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

F. Sakagami

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Hemodynamic and autonomic nervous responses to the restriction of femoral blood flow by KAATSU

Effects of low-intensity KAATSU resistance training on skeletal muscle size/strength and endurance capacity in patients with ischemic heart disease