Epiphytic lichen biomass accumulates slowly in forest canopies. We eval- uated three alternative hypotheses for the slow accumulation of epiphytic lichens, using two experiments in tree crowns from 15 Douglas-fir forest stands representing three age classes: old growth, young, and recent clearcuts. The first experiment evaluated whether forest age, bark roughness, or dispersal rate limits the establishment of the dominant old- growth-associated lichen, Lobaria oregana. Surface-sterilized branches with either rough or smooth bark were repeatedly inoculated with propagules and compared 1 yr after the last inoculation. Dispersal affected rates of establishment: inoculated branches had 27X more newly established thalli than controls. Establishment on smooth bark was highest in clearcuts, intermediate in young forests, and lowest in old growth. There was as much or more establishment of sown propagules on smooth-barked branches as on rough-barked branches in all age classes. In the second, transplant-performance experiment, Lobaria oregana grew as rapidly in young forests as in old growth but lost biomass and suffered more injuries in clearcuts. In contrast, L. pulmonaria performed at least as well in clearcuts as in young forests and old growth. Poor dispersal and establishment limit the development of L. oregana populations in Douglas-fir forests. Particular substrates and microenviron- ments found only in old growth are not essential for Lobaria establishment and growth. Maximizing the number and dispersion of remnant trees in cutting units should maximize the rate of accumulation of L. oregana biomass in the regenerating forest. The single most important action promoting the accumulation of old-growth-associated epiphytes will be the retention of propagule sources in and near all cutting units.

/pdf/dispersal-limitations-of-epiphytic-lichens-result-in-species-132piqmukq.pdf

Dispersal limitations of epiphytic lichens result in species dependent on old-growth forests

Lichens and bryophyte communities of planted and semi-natural forests in Britain: the influence of site type, stand structure and deadwood

https://purews.inbo.be/ws/files/29371266/Odor_2007_BiolConserv.pdf

Diversity of dead wood inhabiting fungi and bryophytes in semi-natural beech forests in Europe

Very old, undisturbed forest stands may be important for biodiversity through their content of microhabitats or for the long periods available for colonisation, or for both. The term Ecological Continuity (EC) has been used to ascribe value to old forest stands. The relative importance of microhabitat and time for colonisation are usually not kept apart when EC is used as a conservation criterium. EC is broadly applied but poorly defined. Use of EC may lead to underestimation of the importance of forest dynamics and dispersal, and to overestimation of the importance of local land use history. If bioindicators of long- term habitat persistence are to be used, species with low dispersal capacity should be chosen. However, many lichens and other fungi, bryophytes and insects cited as indicators of EC, seem to have a patch- tracking lifestyle. They are 'colonists' according to life history strategy classification, and rather seem to indicate specific microhabitats. Terrestrial molluscs, some vascular forest plants, and those bryophytes and lichenized fungi classified as 'perennial stayers' in life history strategy classification, might be used to indicate long-term habitat persistence in forests, but more research is needed to evaluate such indicators.

/pdf/conceptual-problems-of-ecological-continuity-and-its-4tli1emkjj.pdf

Conceptual problems of Ecological Continuity and its bioindicators

Live tree diameter distributions, and abundance and quality of standing and downed coarse woody debris (CWD), were compared among three northern hardwood stand types in the Adirondack Mountains of New York, USA: old growth; partially cut, uneven-aged with 40–50 cm maximum residual diameters; and maturing, even-aged, 90–100 yr old, postfire. Downed CWD (stumps ≤1 m tall and logs) volumes in the old-growth, partially cut, and maturing stands were 139, 69, and 61 m3/ha, respectively. Large (≥50 cm diameter) CWD comprised 17%, 13%, and 4% of the total downed CWD volume in the old-growth, partially cut, and maturing stands respectively. Approximately one-half the large CWD in the partially cut stands was in the form of cut stumps. Standing CWD (stumps >1 m tall and standing dead trees) basal areas averaged 8.6, 1.2, and 4.1 m2/ha in the old-growth, partially cut, and maturing stands, respectively. Basal area of large (≥50 cm diameter) standing CWD averaged 70%, 0%, and 5% of the total in the old-growth, partia...

Structural characteristics of old‐growth, maturing, and partially cut northern hardwood forests

Temperate forest management: its effects on bryophyte and lichen floras and habitats

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Temperate forest management: its effects on bryophyte and lichen floras and habitats